Table 2. Association of Sleep Duration Trajectories During 2006 to 2010 With Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality.
| Outcome | Sleep duration trajectorya | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Low | |||
| Stable | Decreasing | Increasing | Stable | |
| Cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality | ||||
| No. of cases/person-years | 3299/271 626 | 695/54 608 | 332/22 635 | 92/5849 |
| Incidence rateb | 1214.5 | 1272.7 | 1422.6 | 1572.9 |
| Age- and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 [Reference] | 1.01 (0.93-1.10) | 1.03 (0.92-1.16) | 1.09 (0.89-1.34) |
| Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)c | 1 [Reference] | 1.25 (1.11-1.40) | 1.07 (0.95-1.21) | 1.48 (1.16-1.89) |
| Cardiovascular events | ||||
| No. of cases/person-years | 1793/271 945 | 366/54 656 | 197/22 658 | 50/5851 |
| Incidence rateb | 659.3 | 669.6 | 869.4 | 854.5 |
| Age- and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 [Reference] | 0.99 (0.88-1.10) | 1.17 (1.01-1.36) | 1.15 (0.87-1.53) |
| Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)c | 1 [Reference] | 1.13 (0.97-1.32) | 1.22 (1.04-1.43) | 1.47 (1.05-2.05) |
| All-cause mortality | ||||
| No. of cases/person years | 1769/276 896 | 380/55 649 | 163/23 204 | 49/5984 |
| Incidence rateb | 638.9 | 682.8 | 702.4 | 818.8 |
| Age- and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 [Reference] | 1.03 (0.92-1.15) | 0.89 (0.76-1.05) | 1.02 (0.76-1.35) |
| Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)c | 1 [Reference] | 1.34 (1.15-1.57) | 0.95 (0.80-1.13) | 1.50 (1.07-2.10) |
Abbreviation: HR, hazard ratio.
The normal-stable sleep duration pattern ranged from 7.4 to 7.5 hours per night; low-increasing pattern, mean increase from 4.9 to 6.9 hours per night; normal-decreasing pattern, mean decrease from 7.0 to 5.5 hours per night; and low-stable pattern, range of 4.9 to 4.2 hours per night.
Indicates per 100 000 person-years.
Adjusted for age, sex, marital status (single, married, or divorced), occupation (blue collar or white collar), mean income (<50, 500-3000, or ≥3000 renminbi/mo), educational attainment (illiteracy or elementary, middle school, or college/university), physical activity (never, 1-2 times/wk, or ≥3 times/wk), smoking status (never, past, or current), alcohol consumption status (never, past, or current), salt intake (<6, 6-10, or >10 g/d), family history of stroke (yes or no), family history of myocardial infarction (yes or no), hypertension (yes or no), hyperlipidemia (yes or no), diabetes (yes or no), snoring frequency (never/rare, occasionally, or frequently), sleep duration in 2010, antihypertensive use (yes or no), hypoglycemic use (yes or no), use of agents to lower lipid levels (yes or no), body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in square meters; <18.5, 18.5 to <25.0, 25.0 to <30.0, or ≥30.0), fasting blood glucose level (<72, 72 to <101, 101 to <110, 110 to <126, or ≥126 mg/dL [to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0555]), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (<0.10, 0.10 to <0.30, 0.30 to <1.0, or ≥1.0 mg/dL [to convert to mg/L, multiply by 10]), systolic blood pressure (<120, 120 to <140, or ≥140 mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (<80, 80 to <90, or ≥90 mm Hg), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (<30, 30 to <60, 60 to <90, or ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2).