Table 3. Sensitivity Analyses on Associations Between Sleep Duration Trajectory Group and the First CVE and All-Cause Mortality.
| Outcomes | Sleep duration trajectory, HR (95% CI)a | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Low | |||
| Stable | Decreasing | Increasing | Stable | |
| SA1: Exclusion of participants who had events (CVEs or death) in the first 2 y of follow-up (n = 51 679) | ||||
| CVEs | 1 [Reference] | 1.16 (0.97-1.38) | 1.23(1.02-1.47) | 1.39 (0.93-2.07) |
| Death | 1 [Reference] | 1.44 (1.21-1.72) | 0.97 (0.81-1.18) | 1.58 (1.08-2.32) |
| Total | 1 [Reference] | 1.29 (1.14-1.47) | 1.07 (0.93-1.23) | 1.42 (1.07-1.89) |
| SA2: Further adjusted for sleep duration in 2006 based on fully adjusted model | ||||
| CVEs | 1 [Reference] | 1.12 (0.96-1.32) | 1.19 (1.01-1.44) | 1.42 (1.00-2.03) |
| Death | 1 [Reference] | 1.35 (1.15-1.58) | 0.98 (0.80-1.20) | 1.55 (1.08-2.21) |
| Total | 1 [Reference] | 1.25 (1.11-1.40) | 1.08 (0.93-1.25) | 1.49 (1.15-1.93) |
| SA3: Exclusion of shift workers (n = 50 559)b | ||||
| CVEs | 1 [Reference] | 1.12 (0.96-1.31) | 1.21 (1.03-1.42) | 1.44 (1.03-2.02) |
| Death | 1 [Reference] | 1.34 (1.15-1.56) | 0.95 (0.80-1.13) | 1.48 (1.06-2.08) |
| Total | 1 [Reference] | 1.24 (1.10-1.39) | 1.06 (0.94-1.20) | 1.46 (1.14-1.86) |
| SA4: Exclusion of participants who developed cancers during follow-up (n = 52 425) | ||||
| CVEs | 1 [Reference] | 1.13 (0.96-1.32) | 1.22 (1.05-1.43) | 1.44 (1.03-2.02) |
| Death | 1 [Reference] | 1.35 (1.16-1.58) | 0.95 (0.80-1.13) | 1.21 (1.07-2.11) |
| Total | 1 [Reference] | 1.25 (1.11-1.40) | 1.07 (0.95-1.21) | 1.47 (1.15-1.88) |
| SA5: Exclusion of those with self-reported frequent snoring (n = 45 331) | ||||
| CVEs | 1 [Reference] | 1.18 (0.98-1.41) | 1.19 (0.99-1.43) | 1.56 (1.05-2.30) |
| Death | 1 [Reference] | 1.45 (1.21-1.73) | 0.99 (0.82-1.19) | 1.77 (1.21-2.58) |
| Total | 1 [Reference] | 1.34 (1.18-1.53) | 1.06 (0.93-1.22) | 1.72 (1.30-2.27) |
| SA6: Exclusion of atrial fibrillation from outcomes (n = 52 850) | ||||
| CVEs | 1 [Reference] | 1.12 (0.95-1.31) | 1.22 (1.04-1.44) | 1.54 (1.09-2.17) |
| Death | 1 [Reference] | 1.34 (1.15-1.56) | 0.94 (0.79-1.11) | 1.55 (1.12-2.14) |
| Total | 1 [Reference] | 1.24 (1.11-1.40) | 1.08 (0.95-1.22) | 1.54 (1.21-1.97) |
Abbreviations: CVE, cardiovascular event; HR, hazard ratio; SA, sensitivity analysis.
The normal-stable sleep duration pattern ranged from 7.4 to 7.5 hours per night; low-increasing pattern, mean increase from 4.9 to 6.9 hours per night; normal-decreasing pattern, mean decrease from 7.0 to 5.5 hours per night; and low-stable pattern, range of 4.9 to 4.2 hours per night. Models were adjusted for age, sex, marital status (single, married, or divorced), occupation (blue collar or white collar), mean income (<50, 500-3000, or ≥3000 renminbi/mo), educational attainment (illiteracy or elementary, middle school, or college/university), physical activity (never, 1-2 times/wk, or ≥3 times/wk), smoking status (never, past, or current), alcohol consumption status (never, past, or current), salt intake (<6, 6-10, or >10 g/d), family history of stroke (yes or no), family history of myocardial infarction (yes or no), hypertension (yes or no), hyperlipidemia (yes or no), diabetes (yes or no), snoring frequency (never/rare, occasionally, or frequently), sleep duration in 2010, antihypertensive use (yes or no), hypoglycemic use (yes or no), use of agents to lower lipid levels (yes or no), body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in square meters; <18.5, 18.5 to <25.0, 25.0 to <30.0, or ≥30.0), fasting blood glucose level (<72, 72 to <101, 101 to <110, 110 to <126, or ≥126 mg/dL [to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0555]), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (<.10, .10 to <.30, .30 to <1.0, or ≥1.0 mg/dL [to convert to mg/L, multiply by 10]), systolic blood pressure (<120, 120 to <140, or ≥140 mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (<80, 80 to <90, or ≥90 mm Hg), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (<30, 30 to <60, 60 to <90, or ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2).
Shift workers were self-reported in the 2016 survey.