Table 3.
Summary statistics on outcomes by condition, time phase, and assessment time points.
| Outcomes, time phase, and assessment time points | Active-AtBMa + active-ApBMb | Active-AtBM + sham-ApBM | Sham-AtBM + active-ApBM | Sham-AtBM + sham-ApBM | ||
| PPAc, n1/n2 (%)d | ||||||
|
|
|
Baseline | 0/105 (0) | 0/132 (0) | 0/137 (0) | 0/130 (0) |
|
|
|
IAe1 | 11/79 (14) | 16/111 (14.4) | 5/110 (4.5) | 8/94 (9) |
|
|
|
IA2 | 7/51 (14) | 9/70 (13) | 5/75 (7) | 11/61 (18) |
|
|
|
IA3 | 7/34 (21) | 6/39 (15) | 6/54 (11) | 9/49 (18) |
|
|
|
IA4 | 5/28 (18) | 6/33 (18) | 7/43 (16) | 5/34 (15) |
|
|
|
IA5 | 8/23 (35) | 4/27 (15) | 8/33 (24) | 3/26 (12) |
|
|
|
Midf | 7/21 (33) | 2/24 (8) | 6/27 (22) | 3/20 (15) |
|
|
TP1g | 45/341 (13.2) | 43/436 (9.9) | 37/479 (7.7) | 39/414 (9.4) | |
|
|
|
IA6 | 8/19 (42) | 4/21 (19) | 5/24 (21) | 2/20 (10) |
|
|
|
IA7 | 7/17 (41) | 2/19 (11) | 4/20 (20) | 3/19 (16) |
|
|
|
IA8 | 6/17 (35) | 3/17 (18) | 2/19 (11) | 3/19 (16) |
|
|
|
IA9 | 5/15 (33) | 2/14 (14) | 3/15 (20) | 3/17 (18) |
|
|
|
IA10 | 5/14 (36) | 2/13 (15) | 3/12 (25) | 2/15 (13) |
|
|
|
Posth | 5/14 (36) | 2/11 (18) | 3/10 (30) | 4/15 (27) |
|
|
TP2i | 36/96 (38) | 15/95 (16) | 20/100 (20.0) | 17/105 (16.2) | |
|
|
|
IA11 | 5/13 (38) | 2/11 (18) | 3/10 (30) | 4/15 (27) |
|
|
|
FU1j | 5/13 (39) | 3/11 (27) | 3/10 (30) | 1/14 (7) |
|
|
|
FU2k | 3/12 (25) | 3/11 (27) | 3/9 (33) | 1/13 (8) |
|
|
|
FU3l | 4/12 (33) | 2/9 (22) | 3/9 (33) | 2/12 (17) |
|
|
TP3m | 17/50 (34) | 10/42 (24) | 12/38 (32) | 8/54 (15) | |
| DCUn, mean (SD)o | ||||||
|
|
TP1 (baseline) | 15.25 (9.70) | 16.71 (9.97) | 15.43 (8.48) | 15.20 (8.44) | |
|
|
|
IA1 | 11.23 (8.60) | 12.96 (10.58) | 12.89 (8.22) | 13.48 (8.98) |
|
|
|
IA2 | 11.07 (9.11) | 13.07 (10.12) | 12.48 (8.63) | 10.97 (9.76) |
|
|
|
IA3 | 10.41 (9.99) | 13.30 (10.48) | 11.96 (9.23) | 9.74 (8.46) |
|
|
|
IA4 | 10.06 (10.71) | 13.15 (11.09) | 11.39 (9.93) | 11.36 (8.93) |
|
|
|
IA5 | 9.26 (9.54) | 14.15 (11.30) | 11.58 (10.73) | 9.24 (8.28) |
|
|
|
Mid | 7.77 (10.25) | 15.14 (9.94) | 12.52 (10.94) | 11.55 (11.36) |
|
|
TP2 | 10.44 (9.38) | 13.33 (10.47) | 12.31 (9.13) | 11.52 (9.23) | |
|
|
|
IA6 | 6.79 (9.27) | 14.71 (10.37) | 13.15 (11.74) | 10.33 (9.68) |
|
|
|
IA7 | 7.84 (10.36) | 15.13 (9.60) | 13.70 (11.71) | 10.62 (9.94) |
|
|
|
IA8 | 8.49 (10.37) | 15.15 (10.74) | 13.15 (12.25) | 10.19 (10.22) |
|
|
|
IA9 | 8.56 (10.21) | 15.24 (11.53) | 12.10 (11.63) | 8.68 (7.59) |
|
|
|
IA10 | 10.16 (10.65) | 14.53 (10.03) | 11.48 (10.75) | 7.14 (6.99) |
|
|
|
Post | 8.67 (10.45) | 14.63 (10.79) | 9.22 (8.93) | 7.48 (7.72) |
|
|
TP3 | 8.32 (9.97) | 14.92 (10.19) | 12.51 (11.25) | 9.22 (8.81) | |
|
|
|
IA11 | 10.56 (12.26) | 14.07 (10.98) | 9.15 (8.10) | 7.00 (7.25) |
|
|
|
FU1 | 11.70 (16.09) | 15.77 (14.69) | 7.99 (8.53) | 6.55 (6.19) |
|
|
|
FU2 | 12.21 (14.00) | 13.42 (14.98) | 8.27 (9.78) | 8.23 (6.20) |
|
|
|
FU3 | 12.29 (13.19) | 15.68 (18.99) | 8.83 (9.05) | 8.70 (7.23) |
|
|
TP4p | 11.67 (13.55) | 14.69 (14.43) | 8.56 (8.50) | 7.56 (6.60) | |
| AtBq, mean (SD)o | ||||||
|
|
TP1 (baseline) | 24.15 (30.69) | 27.42 (27.65) | 24.84 (27.36) | 24.56 (29.79) | |
|
|
|
IA1 | 23.06 (37.74) | 16.36 (36.17) | 27.27 (40.80) | 23.95 (28.87) |
|
|
|
IA2 | 15.32 (42.95) | 15.92 (32.99) | 18.10 (35.52) | 15.85 (31.78) |
|
|
|
IA3 | 15.42 (32.93) | 5.62 (46.13) | 19.84 (37.84) | 21.73 (39.93) |
|
|
|
IA4 | 6.89 (33.65) | −2.38 (32.61) | 20.40 (43.01) | 23.65 (35.33) |
|
|
|
IA5 | −0.88 (20.32) | −1.86 (32.68) | 8.92 (53.41) | 14.02 (30.31) |
|
|
|
Mid | 3.40 (33.38) | 8.35 (25.93) | 3.29 (25.17) | 16.45 (18.61) |
|
|
TP2 | 14.05 (36.44) | 10.00 (36.04) | 19.39 (40.38) | 20.20 (31.98) | |
|
|
|
IA6 | 15.21 (29.28) | 9.78 (34.79) | 12.41 (40.02) | 14.28 (24.70) |
|
|
|
IA7 | 11.24 (26.26) | 0.92 (28.94) | 4.65 (31.91) | 16.16 (28.66) |
|
|
|
IA8 | 14.24 (32.64) | 5.44 (31.32) | 5.64 (34.85) | 9.17 (29.67) |
|
|
|
IA9 | 4.33 (43.25) | 4.89 (27.51) | 5.50 (31.64) | 8.32 (30.34) |
|
|
|
IA10 | 4.71 (33.25) | −2.00 (32.02) | −4.42 (42.26) | 8.50 (17.07) |
|
|
|
Post | −4.08 (12.82) | −2.46 (28.18) | 10.70 (25.76) | 2.47 (26.12) |
|
|
TP3 | 8.42 (30.96) | 3.35 (30.33) | 6.23 (34.72) | 10.23 (26.39) | |
|
|
|
IA11 | 1.19 (32.46) | −16.59 (23.64) | −2.15 (25.38) | 5.67 (33.41) |
|
|
|
FU3 | 7.36 (14.38) | 2.28 (16.09) | 4.25 (23.70) | 8.96 (17.65) |
|
|
TP4 | 4.02 (25.49) | −8.10 (22.27) | 0.69 (24.14) | 7.13 (27.12) | |
| ApBr, mean (SD)o | ||||||
|
|
TP1 (baseline) | −7.84 (65.28) | 8.82 (84.61) | 4.52 (67.04) | 9.70 (77.34) | |
|
|
|
IA1 | 4.88 (77.67) | −11.23 (114.00) | 11.25 (113.95) | 4.66 (98.25) |
|
|
|
IA2 | 7.10 (76.98) | −7.74 (71.96) | −0.17 (78.86) | 9.56 (82.04) |
|
|
|
IA3 | 1.15 (73.75) | −4.47 (46.16) | −1.83 (82.75) | 12.24 (59.45) |
|
|
|
IA4 | −35.76 (42.72) | 12.82 (70.46) | 10.87 (75.61) | 9.80 (71.82) |
|
|
|
IA5 | −2.50 (73.86) | −13.05 (53.32) | 0.79 (62.30) | −7.06 (68.51) |
|
|
|
Mid | 7.85 (47.22) | −6.87 (27.64) | −10.35 (91.38) | 11.30 (48.89) |
|
|
TP2 | −0.50 (71.27) | −6.47 (81.99) | 3.72 (90.65) | 7.04 (79.30) | |
|
|
|
IA6 | −12.18 (56.42) | 8.10 (54.18) | −26.52 (99.34) | 4.58 (41.78) |
|
|
|
IA7 | −10.68 (44.52) | 18.58 (47.19) | −3.10 (67.67) | 3.97 (99.19) |
|
|
|
IA8 | 6.94 (49.90) | −2.09 (49.79) | 26.66 (82.69) | 8.47 (47.50) |
|
|
|
IA9 | −7.70 (78.92) | −1.46 (42.34) | −5.10 (31.09) | −3.12 (62.89) |
|
|
|
IA10 | −22.75 (38.49) | 20.50 (45.27) | −21.67 (39.40) | −9.87 (53.18) |
|
|
|
Post | −17.96 (35.54) | 26.58 (32.70) | −5.60 (36.41) | −13.10 (29.10) |
|
|
TP3 | −10.13 (52.45) | 10.99 (46.77) | −5.42 (71.26) | −0.75 (59.90) | |
|
|
|
IA11 | −14.96 (52.63) | 20.36 (51.52) | −15.70 (22.51) | 34.20 (66.24) |
|
|
|
FU3 | 2.27 (41.97) | −4.39 (41.06) | 2.06 (54.69) | −12.04 (59.54) |
|
|
TP4 | −7.06 (47.83) | 9.22 (47.61) | −7.81 (39.78) | 13.65 (66.41) | |
aAtBM: attentional bias modification.
bApBM: approach bias modification.
cPPA: point prevalence abstinence.
dFor PPA at each assessment time point, n1/n2= number of participants coded as 1 (that is, quit) at that assessment time point divided by the total number of participants who reported their smoking status at that assessment time point; at each time phase, n1/n2= sum of observations coded as 1 (that is, quit) at that time phase divided by sum of all reported observations at that time phase.
eIA: interim assessment.
fMid: midtraining assessment.
gTP1: time phase 1, first half intervention phase for PPA; baseline for DCU, AtB, and ApB.
hPost: posttraining assessment.
iTP2: time phase 2, second half intervention phase for PPA, first half intervention phase for DCU, AtB, and ApB.
jFU1: follow-up assessment at 1 month.
kFU2: follow-up assessment at 2 months.
lFU3: follow-up assessment at 3 months.
mTP3: time phase 3, follow-up phase for PPA; second half intervention phase for DCU, AtB, and ApB.
nDCU: daily cigarette use.
oFor DCU, AtB, and ApB, at each assessment time point, average score at the assessment time point is reported; at each time phase, time average score at that time phase is reported.
pTP4: time phase 4, follow-up phase for DCU, AtB, and ApB.
qAtB: attentional bias for smoking stimuli.
rApB: approach bias for smoking stimuli.