Table 3.
Review on Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Uropathogens Causing UTI Among Pregnant Women in Developing Countries Conducted in Africa from 2005 to 2016
| Author | Uropathogens | Resistance Patterns, N (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMP | CIP | NA | SXT | GM | NOR | F | AMO | CRO | ||
| Derese15 | E. coli | 7 (77.7) | 1 (11.1) | 4 (44.5) | 1 (11.1) | 0 (0) | N/D | 4 (44.4) | 7 (77.7) | 0 (0) |
| S. aureus | 2 (100) | 1 (50) | N/D | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | N/D | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | |
| Klebsiellaspp. | 3 (100) | 1 (33.3) | 1 (33.5) | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | N/D | 3 (100) | 3 (100) | 0 (0) | |
| P. aeruginosa | 4 (100) | 1 (25) | 3 (75) | 4 (100) | 2 (50) | N/D | 3 (75) | 2 (50) | 1 (25) | |
| P. mirabilis | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | N/D | 1 (50) | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | |
| Citrobacter | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N/D | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| CN staphylococci | 4 (80) | 2 (40) | N/D | 4 (80) | 0 (0) | N/D | 1 (20) | 4 (80) | 1 (20) | |
| Labi39 | E. coli | 2 (100) | N/D | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | N/D | 0 (0) | N/D | N/D |
| CN Staphylococcus | 2 (100) | N/D | 1 (50) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | N/D | 0 (0) | N/D | N/D | |
| P. mirabilis | 3 (100) | N/D | 3 (100) | 3 (100) | 2 (66.6) | N/D | 0 (0) | N/D | N/D | |
| Enterococcus | 4 (100) | N/D | 3 (75) | 4 (100) | 4 (100) | N/D | 0 (0) | N/D | N/D | |
| Oli22 | E. coli | 16 (76.2) | N/D | 16 (76.7) | 12 (57.2) | 7 (33.3) | N/D | 10 (47.6) | 11 (52.4) | 3 (14.3) |
| S. aureus | 15 (88.3) | N/D | 14 (82.4) | 12 (70.6) | 10 (58.8) | N/D | 14 (82.4) | 11 (64.7) | 6 (35.3) | |
| CN. staphylococcus | 8 (61.5) | N/D | 9 (69.3) | 10 (76.9) | 3 (23.1) | N/D | 9 (69.3) | 6 (46.2) | 0 (0) | |
| Klebsiella spp. | 9 (81.8) | N/D | 6 (54.5) | 7 (63.6) | 5 (45.5) | N/D | 8 (72.3) | 7 (63.7) | 2 (17.3) | |
| P. mirabilis | 2 (76.7) | N/D | 1 (33.3) | 2 (76.7) | 1 (33.3) | N/D | 1 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) | 0 (0) | |
| Thairu24 | E.coli | 11 (60) | N/D | N/D | 9 (52.5) | 6 (31.2) | N/D | 4 (20) | 1 (8) | 1 (5) |
| S. aureus | 0(0) | N/D | N/D | 5 (59) | 4 (44) | N/D | 3 (41.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.2) | |
| CN. staphylococcus | 1 (4) | N/D | N/D | 8 (67) | 7 (60) | N/D | 7 (55) | 0 (0) | 4 (34) | |
| Klebsiellaspp. | 5 (55) | N/D | N/D | 2 (22) | 4 (49.2) | N/D | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | 3 (33.2) | |
| P. aeruginosa | 2 (56) | N/D | N/D | 4(100) | 3 (87.3) | N/D | 3 (68) | 1 (33.4) | 3 (79.5) | |
| P. mirabilis | 4 (50) | N/D | N/D | 7 (90) | 4 (53.7) | N/D | 4 (53.5) | 1 (13.6) | 5 (55.4) | |
| Streptococcus | 4 (81.5) | N/D | N/D | 5 (89.2) | 3 (67.4) | N/D | 3 (53.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (39.4) | |
| Enterococcus | 1 (22) | N/D | N/D | 3 (68) | 2 (45) | N/D | 2 (42.7) | 0 (0) | 1 (12) | |
| Enterobacter | 6 (70) | N/D | N/D | 4 (41.3) | 1 (2.4) | N/D | 5 (50) | 2 (20) | 6 (70) | |
Notes: Resistance patterns for each study were calculated as a percentage of individual bacterial isolates. All studies use Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline to depict the resistance patterns of each bacterial isolate.
Abbreviations: N/D, resistance pattern not determined; AMP, ampicillin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; NA, nalidixic acid; SXT, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; GM, gentamicin; NOR, norfloxacin; F, nitrofurantoin; AMO, amoxicillin; CRO, ceftriaxone.