Table 1.
Model Inputs: Acute Febrile Illness Disease Prevalence in India and Cambodia and Sensitivities and Specificities of Rapid Diagnostic Tests
| Disease | Disease Prevalence, % | RDTs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| India [14] | Cambodia [15] | RDT Name, Analyte | Sensitivity, % (95% CI) | Specificity, % (95% CI) | |
| Malaria | 3 | 31.8a | NA, HRP-2 by itself or with aldolase/pLDH (average estimate) [16] | 95 (93.5–96.2) | 95.2 (93.4–99.4) |
| Dengue | 7 | 3.5 | SD Bioline Dengue duo RDT, dengue virus NS1 + IgM [17] | 84.2 (75.5–92.9)b | 94.4 (88.8–100)b |
| Scrub typhus | 4 | 2.1 | Scrub typhus PanBio ICT, Orientia tsutsugamushi IgM [9] | 72.8 (57.8–83.8) | 96.8 (91.7–99.7) |
| Typhoid fever | 1 | 0.1 | Test-It Typhoid kit, IgM against Salmonella Typhi LPS 09 [10] | 69 (59–78) | 90 (78–93) |
| Leptospirosis | 4 | 3.7 | Leptospira Test-It, Leptospira IgM [11] | 71 (41.9–91.6) | 64.6 (59.8–69.3) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HRP-2, histidine-rich protein 2; IgM, immunoglobulin M; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; NA, not applicable; NS1, nonstructural protein 1; pLDH, plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase; RDT, rapid diagnostic test.
aPathogen prevalence = 45.5%; fraction attributable to disease among positive tests = 70%; adjusted disease prevalence = 45.5 × 0.7 = 31.8.