Table 1.
Water treatment methods. The table depicts the various possible techniques available for use in the wastewater treatment process and their impact on microorganisms. BOD, Biological Oxygen Demand.
| Treatments | Action | Pathogen level |
|---|---|---|
| Pretreatment stage | ||
| Nanofibre membrane | Capture of high-risk microorganisms for screening | High |
| Primary stage | ||
| Sedimentation | Suspended solids removed | High |
| Secondary stage | ||
| Aeration | BOD reduction | Medium |
| Pathogen removal | ||
| Filtration | Nutrient management | Medium |
| Tertiary stage | ||
| Coagulation | Pathogen removal | Low |
| Flocculation | Pathogen removal | Low |
| Precipitation | Pathogen removal | Low |
| Ion exchange | Pathogen removal | Low |
| Adsorption | Pathogen removal | Low |
| Membrane filtration | Pathogen removal | Low |
| Electrochemical | Pathogen removal | Low |
| Chlorination | Pathogen removal | Low |
| Ozonation | Pathogen removal | Low |
| Ultraviolet radiation | Pathogen removal | Low |