Table 2.
Combined and individual lifestyle behavioral risk factors in relation to COVID-19 hospitalisation (N = 387,109).
| Total lifestyle score | CASES/N | Relative Risk (95% confidence interval) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
| 0 (optimal) | 13/19,776 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| 1 | 55/52,053 | 1.58 (0.86, 2.59) | 1.48 (0.81, 2.71) |
| 2 | 142/77,861 | 2.73 (1.55, 4.81) | 2.43 (1.38, 4.29) |
| 3 | 163/87,998 | 2.76 (1.57, 4.85) | 2.41 (1.37, 4.25) |
| 4 | 160/75,123 | 3.12 (1.77, 5.49) | 2.70 (1.53, 4.75) |
| ≥5 (worst) | 227/74,298 | 4.41 (2.52, 7.71) | 3.73 (2.12, 6.54) |
| p-trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Individual behaviours | |||
| Smoking | |||
| Never | 354/214,828 | (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Past | 313/134,855 | 1.34 (1.15, 1.56) | 1.36 (1.15, 1.59) |
| Current | 93/37,426 | 1.45 (1.16, 1.83) | 1.36 (1.08, 1.71) |
| Physical activity | |||
| Sufficient | 382/209,489 | (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Insufficient | 192/108,707 | 0.98 (0.83, 1.17) | 0.99 (0.84, 1.18) |
| None | 186/68,913 | 1.51 (1.27, 1.81) | 1.38 (1.15, 1.64) |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| Below guideline | 216/140,908 | (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Rarely/never | 304/116,389 | 1.88 (1.55, 2.24) | 1.57 (1.31, 1.88) |
| Above guideline | 240/129,812 | 1.23 (1.00, 1.45) | 1.24 (1.03, 1.50) |
| Body mass index | |||
| Healthy weight | 166/131,162 | (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Overweight | 317/165,052 | 1.41 (1.16, 1.70) | 1.32 (1.09, 1.60) |
| Obesity | 277/90,895 | 2.28 (1.88, 2.77) | 1.97 (1.61, 2.42) |
Model 1 adjusted for age and sex.
Model 2 adjusted for age, sex, education, ethnicity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (heart attack, angina, or stroke).