Table 2. Isolation by distance and resistance.

Mantel partial test of the effect of isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by resistance (IBR) from climate and vegetation surfaces on the genetic differentiation of Humboldtiana durangoensis populations for the three temporal frames used in this study.

Resistance model	Comparison	LGM		Mid Holocene		Current
		R	p	R	p	R	p
Climate	fst vs. resistance	0.474	0.094	0.368	0.122	0.418	0.111
	fst vs. geogra|resistance	0.182	0.321	0.39	0.081	0.295	0.191
	fst vs. resistance|geogra	0.105	0.398	−0.181	0.362	−0.074	0.476
Vegetation	fst vs. resistance	0.057	0.382	−0.144	0.29	−0.111	0.344
	fst vs. geogra|resistance	0.782	0.005	0.796	0.003	0.784	0.009
	fst vs. resistance|geogra	−0.699	0.012	−0.725	0.013	−0.706	0.021

Notes:

R, Spearman correlation coefficient between pairwise genetic distances (F_ST/(1−F_ST)) and the Euclidean distance from the geography and pairwise resistance of CIRCUITSCAPE. p, Statistical significance obtained from 1,000 replicates.

Bold indicates comparisons that were signifcant with p < 0.05.