Table 3.
HR (95% CI) of type 2 diabetes according to trajectories of sleeping duration
| Persistent sleep duration of 5 h | Persistent sleep duration of 6 h | Persistent sleep duration of 7 h | Persistent sleep duration of 8 h | Increased sleep duration from 6 to 7.5 h | Decreased sleep duration from 8 to 6 h | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case subjects/person-years | 66/10,049 | 408/84,276 | 725/199,928 | 341/98,419 | 119/24,541 | 138/25,224 |
| Age adjusted | 1.79 (1.39, 2.30) | 1.32 (1.17, 1.50) | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.84, 1.09) | 1.39 (1.14, 1.69) | 1.53 (1.27, 1.84) |
| MV1 | 1.43 (1.10, 1.84) | 1.17 (1.04, 1.33) | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.84, 1.10) | 1.33 (1.09, 1.61) | 1.32 (1.10, 1.59) |
| MV2 | 1.34 (1.04, 1.74) | 1.16 (1.02, 1.31) | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.86, 1.11) | 1.24 (1.02, 1.51) | 1.29 (1.08, 1.55) |
| MV3 | 1.17 (0.90, 1.52) | 1.09 (0.96, 1.23) | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.90, 1.17) | 1.12 (0.92, 1.36) | 1.24 (1.03, 1.50) |
HRs were estimated from age-stratified Cox proportional hazards models. MV1 model was adjusted for race (nonwhite or white), family history of diabetes, menopausal status (pre- or postmenopausal), postmenopausal hormone use (never, past, or current), smoking status (never, past, or current), alcohol intake (0, 0 to <5, 5 to <15, 15 to <30, or ≥30 g/day), AHEI-2010 dietary score (in quintiles), physical activity (<3, 3 to <9, 9 to <18, 18 to <27, or ≥27 MET h/week), marital status (yes or no), parity (nulliparous, 1, 2, or ≥ 3), physical exam (yes or no), duration of rotating night shift work (years), and chronotype (morning type, evening type, neither type, or missing). All covariates, except race, family history, parity, and chronotype, were modeled as time varying. MV2 model was further adjusted for development of hypertension (yes or no), hypercholesterolemia (yes or no), depression (yes or no), and sleep apnea (yes or no). MV3 model was further adjusted for time-updated BMI (<20, 20 to <25, 25 to <30, 30 to <35, 35 to <40, or ≥40 kg/m2).