Table 4.

Cross-sectional association estimates between proinsulin to insulin ratio and components of the metabolic syndrome adjusted for sex, age and physical activity (model 1): β coefficients±SE from linear regression models are given per SD

	Adjusted β±SE	P value
Elevated waist circumference* (yes: n=1011; no: n=503)	−0.22±0.03	<0.001
Elevated triglycerides† (yes: n=371; no: n=1143)	0.08±0.08	0.21
Reduced HDL cholesterol‡ (yes: n=276; no: n=1238)	−0.08±0.07	0.23
Elevated fasting glucose§ (yes: n=463; no: n=1051)	0.30±0.06	<0.001
Elevated blood pressure¶ (yes: n=740; no: n=774)	0.03±0.06	0.62

*Defined as ≥80 cm in women and ≥94 cm in men.

†Defined as ≥1.7 mmol/L and/or intake of fibrates or nicotinic acid.

‡Defined as <1.0 mmol/L in men and <1.3 mmol/L in women and/or intake of fibrates or nicotinic acid.

§Ddefined as ≥5.6 mmol/L and/or intake of antidiabetic medication.

¶Defined as systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg and/or use of antihypertensive medication, given that the participants were aware of being hypertensive.

HDL, high-density lipoprotein.