Table 4.
Risk factors for moderate-to-severe recurrent pain, pain and pain interference trajectory at two time points, FU2 to FU4, in adult survivors.
| Moderate-to-severe recurrent pain |
Pain trajectory | Pain interference trajectory | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yesa | Worsened painb | Worsened interferencec | Persistent interferenced | |
| RR(95%CI) | RR(95%CI) | RR(95%CI) | RR(95%CI) | |
| Age at diagnosis (per year) | 1.03(1.03–1.03) | 1.00(1.00–1.00) | 1.01(1.01–1.01) | 1.03(1.03–1.03) |
| Years follow-up (per year) | 1.03(1.03–1.03) | 1.03(1.02–1.03) | 1.00(1.00–1.00) | 1.08(1.08–1.08) |
| Female | 1.33(1.32–1.34) | 1.27(1.27–1.28) | 1.29(1.28–1.30) | 1.19(1.18–1.20) |
| Other than Non-Hispanic White | 0.89(0.88–0.90) | 0.99(0.99–1.00) | 1.11(1.11–1.12) | 0.78(0.77–0.78) |
| Amputation | 1.54(1.52–1.56) | 1.29(1.27–1.30) | 1.07(1.06–1.08) | 0.85(0.84–0.87) |
| Cranial radiation therapy (per 10Gy increase) | 1.02(1.01–1.02) | 0.98(0.98–0.99) | 1.06(1.05–1.07) | 0.97(0.96–0.98) |
| Total platinum score | 0.97(0.96–0.98) | 0.76(0.75–0.76) | 0.92(0.91–0.92) | 1.04(1.03–1.06) |
| Depression FU2 (per 0.5 SD) | 1.10(1.08–1.11) | 1.15(1.12–1.18) | 1.25(1.23–1.27) | 1.07(1.04–1.11) |
| Change in depression (per 0.5 SD) | 1.01(1.01–1.02) | 1.12(1.11–1.13) | 1.16(1.15–1.17) | 1.00(0.99–1.01) |
| Anxiety FU2 (per 0.5 SD) | 1.27(1.26–1.28) | 1.27(1.24–1.30) | 1.11(1.08–1.13) | 1.15(1.12–1.18) |
| Change in anxiety (per 0.5 SD) | 1.19(1.18–1.20) | 1.22(1.21–1.23) | 1.16(1.15–1.17) | 1.19(1.18–1.20) |
| Antidepressants use FU2 and FU4 | 1.43(1.41–1.46) | 1.50(1.49–1.53) | 1.22(1.21–1.25) | 2.10(2.07–2.12) |
| No antidepressant use | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Analgesic use FU2 and FU4 | 5.42(5.34–5.53) | 2.26(2.23–2.30) | 4.53(4.45–4.63) | 3.29(3.19–3.37) |
| No analgesic use | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Model 2: Primary cancer diagnosisᵗ | RR(95%CI) | RR(95%CI) | RR(95%CI) | RR(95%CI) |
| CNS tumor | 1.02(1.00–1.03) | 0.84(0.83–0.86) | 1.04(1.03–1.05) | 1.07(1.05–1.08) |
| Lymphoma | 1.00(0.99–1.01) | 0.76(0.75–0.76) | 1.01(1.00–1.02) | 1.61(1.58–1.65) |
| Sarcoma/Bone tumor | 1.33(1.32–1.34) | 1.01(1.01–1.02) | 1.01(1.01–1.02) | 1.44(1.42–1.47) |
| Wilms tumor/Neuroblastoma | 1.04(1.03–1.06) | 0.83(0.83–0.84) | 0.80(0.80–0.81) | 0.69(0.68–0.71) |
| Leukemia | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Model 3: Chronic medical conditionᵗ | RR(95%CI) | RR(95%CI) | RR(95%CI) | RR(95%CI) |
| Grade 3–4 FU2 and FU4 | 1.50(1.49–1.51) | 1.25(1.25–1.26) | 1.32(1.31–1.32) | 1.53(1.52–1.53) |
| Grade 0–2 FU2 and FU4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Notes. RR(95% CI) bolded to indicate p<0.05.
ᵗ
Model adjusted for depression at FU2, change in depression, anxiety at FU2, change in anxiety, age at diagnosis, years follow-up, sex, race, antidepressant use, and analgesic use.
a
Reference group is no moderate-to-severe recurrent pain.
b
Reference group is no change in none/very mild/mild pain.
c
Reference group is no change in none/a little bit of pain interference.
d
Reference group is improved from moderate/quite a bit/extreme pain interference to none/a little bit of pain interference.