Table 3.
Ad Libitum food intake and metabolic chamber measurements.
| Whole study group | Men | Women | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vending machine system | ||||
| Daily energy intake (kcal/day)a | 3229.4 ± 1103.8 | 3723.0 ± 1078.0 | 2608.4 ± 784.3 | <0.0001 |
| WMEN (kcal/day) | 2459.2 ± 862.9 | 2829.7 ± 869.6 | 1993.0 ± 592.9 | <0.0001 |
| Daily energy intake (% WMEN) | 125.4 ± 38.7 | 139.7± 39.8 | 107.4 ± 29.2 | 0.002 |
| CHO intake (kcal/day) | 1700.0 ± 585.2 | 1950.9 ± 580.5 | 1384.4 ± 419.6 | <0.0001 |
| FAT intake (kcal/day) | 1180.7 ± 512.8 | 1366.0 ± 541.6 | 947.5 ± 363.9 | 0.0004 |
| PRO intake (kcal/day) | 379.2 ± 146.2 | 442.7 ± 143.1 | 299.6 ± 106.8 | <0.0001 |
| Metabolic chamber measures | ||||
| Energy balance (kcal/day) | 139.8 ± 194.0 | 172.1 ± 220.8 | 91.25 ± 135.1 | 0.11 |
| EE in energy balance (kcal/day) | 2049.9 ± 341.2 | 2174.6 ±338.6 | 1862.92 ± 251.63 | 0.0003 |
| Sleeping metabolic rate (kcal/day) | 1589.7 ± 257.4 | 1680.0 ±247.4 | 1454.1 ± 212.0 | 0.0005 |
| RQ in energy balance (ratio) | 0.86 ± 0.05 | 0.87 ± 0.04 | 0.85 ± 0.06 | 0.08 |
| Non-protein RQ (ratio) | 0.88 ± 0.07 | 0.89 ± 0.05 | 0.86 ± 0.08 | 0.07 |
| RQ Sleep (ratio) | 0.82 ± 0.06 | 0.83 ± 0.04 | 0.80 ± 0.08 | 0.043 |
| CARBOX, (kcal/day) | 999.0 ± 386.3 | 1118.5 ± 308.1 | 819.8 ± 427.3 | 0.003 |
| LIPOX (kcal/day) | 663.8 ± 425.7 | 631.7 ± 405.3 | 712.1 ± 459.2 | 0.48 |
| PROTOX (kcal/day) | 361.5 ± 125.5 | 396.5 ± 132.0 | 309.1 ± 95.4 | 0.007 |
| SPA (%) | 6.7 ± 4.0 | 7.0 ± 4.1 | 6.2 ± 3.9 | 0.48 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
Difference between men and women determined by unpaired t-test.
a
Ad libitum food intake measures are reported as the average of three days on the vending machines.
WMEN: weight maintaining energy needs; CHO: carbohydrate; PRO: protein; EE: energy expenditure; RQ: respiratory quotient;
CARBOX: carbohydrate oxidation; LIPOX: lipid oxidation; PROTOX: protein oxidation; SPA: spontaneous physical activity