Table 1.
Study characteristics of 40 studies assessing the prognostic value of T1 substaging in patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma
| Author | Year | Region | Recruitment period | Design | No.pT1 Pts | Substaged T1 Pts | Substaging system | Oncological end point |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hasui [23] | 1994 | Japan | 1980–1991 | Retrospective | 88 | 88 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | DR, DP |
| Holmäng [24] | 1997 | Sweden | 1987–1988 | Retrospective | 121 | 113 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | DP, CSS, OS |
| Smits [40] | 1998 | The Netherlands | 1987–1990 | Retrospective | 133 | 124 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b/T1c) | DR, DP |
| Cheng [22] | 1999 | USA | 1987–1992 | Retrospective | 83 | 83 | Depth of lamina propria invasion | DP |
| Kondylis [26] | 2000 | USA | 1981–1997 | Retrospective | 55 | 49 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | DR, DP |
| Shariat [39] | 2000 | USA | N/A | Retrospective | 47 | 36 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | DR, DP, OS |
| Bernardini [17] | 2001 | France | 1973–1996 | Retrospective | 149 | 94 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | PFS |
| Sozen [42] | 2002 | Turkey | 1983–1997 | Retrospective | 90 | 50 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | DR, DP |
| Orsola [32] | 2005 | Spain | 1996–2001 | Retrospective | 97 | 85 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b/T1c) | RFS, PFS |
| van der Aa [45] | 2005 | The Netherlands | N/A | Retrospective | 63 | 53 | Tumor infiltration depth (T1 m/T1e) | DP |
| Chaimuangraj [20] | 2006 | Thailand | 1990–2004 | Retrospective | 192 | 192 | Muscularis mucosa invasion | DR |
| Andius [13] | 2007 | Sweden | 1987–1988 | Prospective | 121 | 121 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b)† | PFS, CSS |
| Mhawech-Fauceglia [29] | 2007 | Switzerland | N/A | Retrospective | 45 | 45 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | DR, DP |
| Queipo-Zaragoza [37] | 2007 | Spain | 1986–2003 | Retrospective | 91 | 83 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | DP |
| Soukup [16] | 2008 | Czech Republic | 2001–2005 | Prospective | 105 | 99 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | DR, DP (PFS) |
| Orsola [14] | 2010 | Spain | N/A | Prospective | 159 | 138 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | DR, DP |
| Bertz [18] | 2011 | Germany | 1989–2006 | Retrospective | 309 | 309 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b), Infiltration depth (≤ 1 HPF/> 1 HPF) | CSS, RFS, PFS |
| Palou [34] | 2012 | Spain/Belgium | 1985–1996 | Retrospective | 146 | 93 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b/T1c) | DR, DP, CSM |
| Lee [27] | 2012 | Korea | 1999–2009 | Retrospective | 183 | 183 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b/T1c) | DR, DP, CSM |
| Chang [21] | 2012 | Taiwan | 1991–2005 | Retrospective | 509 | 509 | Muscularis mucosa invasion, Infiltration depth (3 cut-off values to substage the T1 tumors: 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 1.5 mm) | DR, DP, CSD, OM |
| van Rhijn [46] | 2012 | The Netherlands/Canada | 1984–2006 | Retrospective | 129 | 129 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b/T1c), tumor infiltration depth (T1 m/T1e) | DR, DP |
| Brimo [19] | 2013 | Canada | 2004–2012 | Retrospective | 86 | 86 | Muscularis mucosa invasion, Maximum tumor depth (mm) | DR,DP,WFS |
| Olsson [31] | 2013 | Sweden | 1992–2001 | Retrospective | 285 | 211 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b/T1c) | DR, DP |
| Nishiyama [30] | 2013 | Japan | 1995–2010 | Retrospective | 79 | 79 | Tumor infiltration depth (T1 m/T1e) | DR, DP |
| Rouprêt [38] | 2013 | France | 1994–2010 | Retrospective | 612 | 587 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | RFS, PFS, CSS |
| Soukup [41] | 2014 | Czech Republic | 2002–2009 | Retrospective | 200 | 176 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | RFS, PFS, CSS, OS |
| Hu [25] | 2014 | USA | 1997–2005 | Retrospective | 39 | 23 | Focality, Percentage of tumor invasion, and aggregate length of invasion | DR |
| D. E. Marco [44] | 2014 | Italy | 2000–2006 | Retrospective | 40 | 40 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b/T1c), tumor infiltration depth (T1 m/T1e) | CSS, DP |
| Lim [28] | 2015 | Korea | 1998–2012 | Retrospective | 177 | 141 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b/T1c) | RFS, PFS |
| Orsola [15] | 2015 | Spain | N/A | Prospective | 200 | 200 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | DR, DP |
| Patschan [36] | 2015 | Sweden | 1997–2003 | Retrospective | 167 | 152 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b/T1c) | PFS |
| Patriarca [35] | 2016 | Italy | 2011–2007 | Retrospective | 450 | 314 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b), tumor infiltration depth (T1 m/T1e), ROL substaging† | DR, DP |
| Colombo [8] | 2018 | Italy | 2007–2011 | Retrospective | 502 | 250 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b/T1c), microinfiltration and extended infiltration of LP (T1 m/T1e), ROL substaging | DR, DP |
| Fransen van de Putte [9] | 2018 | Europe/Canada | 1982–2010 | Retrospective | 601 | 601 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b), microinfiltration and extended infiltration of LP (T1 m/T1e) | PFS, CSS |
| Otto [33] | 2018 | Germany/The Netherlands | 1989–2012 | Retrospective | 322 | 322 | Metric T1 substage (tumor infiltration depth) | PFS, CSS, OS |
| Turan [43] | 2018 | Turkey | 2009–2014 | Retrospective | 106 | 106 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b), tumor infiltration depth (T1 m/T1e) | DR, DP |
N/A not available, LP lamina propria, MM muscularis mucosa, PFS progression-free survival, CSM cancer-specific mortality, CSS cancer-specific survival, OS overall survival, WFS worsening-free survival, DR disease recurrence, DP disease progression, RFS recurrence-free survival, OM overall mortality, HPF high power field
†ROL substaging ROL1 < 1 power field (objective 20×, ocular 10×/field 22, diameter 1.1 mm) of invasion, approximately corresponding to invasion of the lamina propria 1 mm thick or less; ROL2: > 1 power field (objective 20×), approximately corresponding to invasion of the lamina propria more than 1 mm thick, or multifocal invasion with foci cumulatively amounting to invasion of the lamina propria more than 1 mm thick