Table 2.

Examples of postoperative complications and treatment according to different CDC grades

Postoperative complication	CDC I	CDC II	CDC III	CDC IV
Pulmonary complication	Mild infection requiring respiratory therapy	Pneumonia requiring antibiotics	Pleural effusion requiring drainage	Respiratory insufficiency requiring ventilation
Urologic complication	Urinary bladder dysfunction requiring leg bags or sanitary pads	Urinary tract infection requiring antibiotics; bladder dysfunction treated by anticholinergics or alpha-blocking agents	Urinary bladder dysfunction treated by suprapubic catheterization	Urosepsis requiring intensive care
Wound healing disorder	Wound infection opened at the bedside	Phlegmonous wound infection requiring antibiotics	Wound dehiscence requiring surgical abdominal wall closure	Wound infection leading to sepsis requiring intermediate or intensive care
Anastomotic leak	Anastomotic leak requiring observation	Anastomotic leak requiring antibiotics	Anastomotic leak requiring drainage or relaparatomy	Major leak with peritonitis and multi-organ dysfunction requiring relaparotomy and intensive care