Table 2.
The therapeutic effects for different MSC-EV type
| Origins | Type of vesicles | Diseases | Administration route | Biological function | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hBM-MSCs | EVs | Osteoarthritis | / | Promoting extracorporeal cartilage regeneration | [26] |
| hBM-MSCs | EVs | Tendon injury | Topical administration | Promoting tendon healing | [30] |
| hBM-MSCs | EVs | Kidney injury | Intravenous injection | Repairing kidney damage | [31, 32] |
| hBM-MSCs | EVs | Graft-versus-host disease | Systemic infusion | Suppressing inflammation | [35] |
| hBM-MSCs | Exosomes | Liver fibrosis | Intraperitoneal injection | Reducing hepatic fibrosis | [41] |
| hBM-MSCs | Exosomes | Autism spectrum disorder | Nasal administration | Improving autistic behavior | [42] |
| mBM-MSCs | EVs | Hepatic failure | Intravenous injection | Tissue regeneration | [37] |
| mBM-MSCs | EVs | Alzheimer’s Disease | Intracerebral Injection | Reducing a beta plaque | [38] |
| mBM-MSCs | Exosomes | Heart attacks | Intramyocardial injection | Inducing macrophage polarization | [45] |
| mBM-MSCs | Exosomes | Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis | Intraperitoneal injection | Regulating microglia polarization | [46] |
| huc-MSCs | EVs | Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury | Intraperitoneal injection | Protecting the liver cell apoptosis | [58] |
| huc-MSCs | EVs | Peripheral nerve injury | Intravenous injection | Promoting nerve regeneration | [59] |
| huc-MSCs | EVs | Senile osteoporosis | Intravenous injection | Ameliorating bone loss | [60] |
| huc-MSCs | EVs | Intrauterine adhesions | Intravenous injection | Ameliorating induced intrauterine adhesions | [61] |
| WJMSCs | EVs microvesicles | kidney injury | Intravenous injection | Suppressing oxidation alleviating the apoptosis of renal cells |
[63] [64] |
| WJMSC | EVs | Perinatal brain injury | Intraperitoneal injection | Suppressing inflammation | [67] |
| huc-MSCs | Exosomes | Liver injury | / | Promoting angiogenesis and reducing apoptosis | [72–74] |
| huC-MSC | Exosomes | Perinatal diseases and neonates | Intranasal administration | Protecting neuron cell | [76] |
| huC-MSC | Exosomes | Preterm newborn infants | / | Increasing capability to cope with anoxic environment | [77] |
| huC-MSC | Exosomes | Primary ovarian insufficiency (poi) | / | Preventing and treating chemotherapy-induced ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis | [78] |
| hAD-MSCs | EVs | Osteoarthritis experimental allergic asthma | / | Regulating inflammation | [84, 85, 87] |
| mAD-MSCs | EVs | Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis | Intravenous injection | Reducing neuroinflammation | [88] |
| AD-MSCs | Exosomes | Atopic dermatitis | Intravenous injection or subcutaneously injection | Regulating inflammation and modulating the polarization of macrophage | [91] |
| AD-MSCs | Exosomes | Wound healing | Systemic administration | Reducing scar formation | [93, 94] |
| ES-MSCs | EVs | Liver fibrosis | Intraperitoneal injection | Ameliorating rat liver fibrosis | [103] |
| ES-MSCs | Exosomes | Osteoarthritis | Intra-articular injections | Promoting chondrocyte proliferation | [107, 108] |