Figure 6.

Upregulation of TNF-α expression (a) and production (b) after yolkin treatment of BMDM cells. (a) BMDM cells (1 × 10⁶/ml) were cultured alone or stimulated with yolkin (100 μg/ml) or with LPS (1 μg/ml). After 4 h of stimulation, total RNA was isolated from the cells and expression of TNF-α mRNA was determined by real-time PCR. (b) BMDM cells (1 × 10⁶/ml) were either treated with yolkin (10, 100, and 150 μg/ml) or LPS (1 μg/ml) or left untreated for 24 h. Supernatants were collected, and the level of TNF-α was determined by ELISA. Results are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3‐4). ^∗p ≤ 0.05: statistically significant difference in value versus control.