Table-2.

Prevalence, risk factors, and examination methods of opportunistic parasitic infection in HIV/AIDS patients based on geographical regions.

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection	Risk factors	Examination methods	References	Published year	Country
30.6%	CD 4 count<200 cell/μl	Wet mount, formol–ether sedimentation and modified Ziehl–Neelsen techniques	[19]	2015	Ethiopia
32.5%	CD 4 count<200 cell/μl	Direct wet-mounts (normal saline, Lugol’s iodine), formol-ether concentration, modified Ziehl–Neelsen, modified trichrome staining	[11]	2015	India
45%	CD 4 count<200 cell/μl	Direct microscopy by saline wet mount, iodine wet mount, modified Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN)	[7]	2016	India
45%	CD 4 count 200-500 cell/ μl, Health education regarding personal hygiene, regular de-worming	Direct wet mount, formalin ether concentration, modified Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN)	[33]	2016	Laos
49%	Age group 20-30 years, geographis, personal hygiene, sanitary habits, method of stool examination, immune status	Iodine, saline, formalin ether concentration	[4]	2016	India
pre ART 84.6%, ART 82.3%	CD 4 count<200 cell/μl	Wet mount, Iodine mount, Katokatz, formalin ether concentration, modified Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN), Modified field staining	[1]	2016	Cameroon
85%	CD 4 count<200 cell/μl	Direct wet mount (saline and Lugol’s Iodine), formalin ether concentration, modified Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN), Trichrome staining, Iron Hematoxylin staining	[12]	2016	India
28.18%	CD 4 count<500 cell/μl, Presence of domestic animals, poor sanitation	Direct wet mount, formol-ether sedimentation modified Ziehl-Neelsen	[14]	2018	Ethiopia
26.4%	CD 4 count<200 cell/μl, ART, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TS) prophylaxis	Direct wet mount, Ritchie and modified Ziehl–Neelsen techniques, Coproantigen	[9]	2017	Mozambique

ART=Antiretroviral therapy, HIV=Human immunodeficiency virus, AIDS=Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome