Table 1.

miRNAs expression patterns in human oral diseases

Diseases	Source	Exosomal miRNAs	Amounts	Effects of exosomal miRNAs	References
Oral squamous cell carcinoma	Hypoxic SCC-9 and CAL-27	miR-21	Up	CAL-27-derived exosomes was maily used in functinal experiments.Exosomal miR-21 induced prometastatic behaviors under hypoxia condition	[20]
	cisplatin-resistant HSC-3 and SCC-9	miR-21	Up	exosomes transferred miR-21 to OSCC parental cells and induced cisplatin resistance	[18]
	HOC313-LM	miR-1246, miR-342–3p	Up	Increased the migration and invasion ability of HOC313-P cells. exosomal miR-1246 enhanced cell motility	[19]
	SCC-9, CAL-27	miR-29a-3p	up	promoted M2-subtype macrophages polarization via SOCS1/STAT6 signaling pathway	[21]
	Primary cancer-associated fibroblasts	miR-34a-5p	Down	miR-34a-5p/AXL axis promoted OSCC progression, inducing the EMT to promote cancer cells metastasis	[53]
	Saliva	miR-412-3p, miR-512-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-373-3p and miR-494-3p, miR-302b-3p, miR-517b-3p	Up	Potentially be used in liquid biopsy; miR-302b-3p, miR-517b-3p expressed specifically only in samples from OSCC saliva	[59]
	Serum	miR-21		Closely associated with HIF-1a/HIF-2a expression, T stage, and lymph node metastasis	[20]
	Plasma	hsa-miR-19a, hsa-miR-512-3p, hsa-miR-27b, hsa-miR-20a, hsa-miR-28-3p, hsa-miR-200c, hsa-miR-223, hsa-miR-20b, hsa-miR-151-3p	Up	More reliable for evaluation of circulating tumor-miRNA expression than plasma	[63]
		hsa-miR-22, hsa-miR-370, hsa-miR-139-5p, hsa-let-7e, hsa-miR-145-3p, hsa-miR-30c	Down
Primary Sjögren’s syndrome	EBV-infected B cells	ebv-miR-BART13-3p	Not shown	Decreased store operated Ca2+ entry and Ca2+-dependent activation of NFAT in SGECs	[89]
Oral lichen planus	Saliva	miR-4484	Up	Potential miRNA biomarker for OLP	[93]
	Plasma	miR-34a-5p, miR-130b-3p	Up	miR-34a-5p was positively correlated with the severity of OLP	[22]
		miR-301b-3p	Down	Not shown
Hand, foot and mouth disease	Serum	miR-16-5p	Up	Biomarkers for diagnose, and miR-671-5p may be used for subtyping HFMD	[98]
		miR-671-5p, miR-150-5p	Down
Oral leukoplakia	MSCs from human primary tissues	miR-8485	Up	Promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of DOK and SCC-15 cell lines	[68]
	Murine bone marrow-MSCs	miR-185	Up*	Attenuated inflammation severity and decreased degree of dysplasia in the OPMD tissue	[69]
Periodontitis	LPS-stimulated periodontal ligament stem cells	miR‐155	Up	Reducing the expression of Th17 and increasing the expression of Treg	[79]

Up: the expression of miRNAs was upregulated in exosomes

Up*: the the expression of miRNAs in exosomes was upregulated by transfection

Down: the expression of miRNAs was down regulated in exosomes