Table 2.
Patients characteristics in levosimendan and control groups
| LEVOSIMENDAN (n = 13) | CONTROL (n = 41) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MEDICAL DEMOGRAPHICS | |||
| Age (years)* | 68.6 ± 9.8 | 65.7 ± 12.2 | 0.43 |
| Male, n (%) | 12 (92.3) | 29 (70.7) | 0.11 |
| Female, n (%) | 1 (7.7) | 12 (29.3) | |
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 9 (69.2) | 25 (61) | 0.59 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 6 (46.2) | 25 (61) | 0.35 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 7 (53.8) | 19 (46.3) | 0.35 |
| Renal failure, n (%) | 2 (15.4) | 4 (9.8) | 0.57 |
| Previous myocardial infarction, n(%) | 4 (36.4) | 11 (32.4) | 0.81 |
| HLV | 3 (23.1) | 8 (19.5) | 0.27 |
| NYHA, n(%)I | 3 (23.1) | 16 (39) | 0.78 |
| II | 4 (30.8) | 10 (24.4) | |
| III | 4 (30.8) | 10 (24.4) | |
| IV | 2 (15.4) | 5 (12.2) | |
| Euroscore † | 7.7 ± 6.9 | 10.4 ± 8.8 | 0.33 |
| LVEF (fraction) † | 30 (28–37) | 39 (35–40) | < 0.01 |
| INTRAOPERATIVE | |||
| Graft type n(%) Saphenous | 2 (15.4) | 6 (14.6) | 0.79 |
| IMA | 2 (15.4) | 10 (24.4) | |
| Both | 9 (69.2) | 25 (61) | |
| Aortic cross clamp time (min)† | 62 ± 18 | 62 ± 44 | 0.98 |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass time (min)* | 104 ± 35 | 96 ± 59 | 0.61 |
| Pump reentry, n(%) | 0 | 2 (4.9) | 0.42 |
| MEDICAL-POSTOPERATIVE | |||
| Postoperative NOAF, n (%) | 2 (15.3) | 9 (21.9) | 0.46 |
| Low cardiac output, n (%) | 2 (15.4) | 25 (61) | < 0.01 |
| Cardiogenic shock, n(%) | 0 | 10 (24.4) | < 0.05 |
| Posoperative myocardial infarction, n(%) | 0 | 1 (6.2) | 0.38 |
| Troponine I at 24 h, ng/mL | 3.7 ± 6.7 | 7.5 ± 10.9 | 0.26 |
| Troponine I máximum, ng/mL | 4.7 ± 5.8 | 16.9 ± 25.2 | 0,20 |
| Lactic acid at 24 h, mmol/L | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 4.1 ± 7.2 | 0.02 |
| Hours of Dobutamine † | 2 (0–24) | 23 (3–71) | 0.04 |
| Hours of Norepinephrine † | 0 (0–17) | 0 (0–42) | 0.33 |
| Prolonged mechanical ventilation, n(%) | 1 (7.7) | 9 (22) | 0.25 |
| Hours of mechanical ventilation† | 2 (2–5) | 7 (5–20) | < 0.01 |
| Renal failure, n (%) | 1 (7.7) | 10 (24.4) | 0.19 |
| Hemodialysis, n (%) | 0 (0) | 3 (7.3) | 0.32 |
| Exitus, n (%) | 0 (0) | 5 (12.2) | 0.18 |
| ICU LOS (days) † | 2 (1–4) | 4 (3–6) | 0.03 |
| PO Ward stay (days) † | 6 (4–8) | 5 (4–9) | 0.78 |
The results are expressed as cases and percentages -n (%) - either as *arithmetic mean ± standard deviation, or † median and 25–75 percentile, NOAF: new-onset atrial fibrillation, Prolonged mechanical ventilation: > 24 h. LVEF: left ventricle ejection fraction. HLV: hypertrophy of left ventricle. NYHA: New York Heart Association. IMA: internal mammary artery. ICU LOS: Intensive Care Unit Length of stay; PO: Posoperative