Table 5.
Characteristics associated with the health system delaya
| Characteristics | HRc (95%CI) | Value p | HRa (95% CI)b | Value p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||||
| < 60 | Ref. | |||||
| ≥ 60 | 1.05 | (0.72–1.52) | 0.813 | 1.08 | (0.72–1.62) | 0.719 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | Ref. | |||||
| Female | 0.84 | (0.63–1.13) | 0.251 | 1.00 | (0.74–1.34) | 0.976 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married - common-law | Ref. | – | – | – | ||
| Single-separated-widowed | 1.52 | (1.12–2.06) | 0.008 | – | – | – |
| Health insurance | ||||||
| Other | Ref. | – | – | – | ||
| Subsidized | 1.87 | (1.37–2.54) | 0.000 | – | – | – |
| Homelessc | ||||||
| No | Ref. | – | – | – | ||
| Yes | 3.52 | (1.53–8.13) | 0.003 | – | – | – |
| Tobacco | ||||||
| No tobacco use | Ref. | – | – | – | ||
| Past tobacco use | 1.45 | (0.99–2.11) | 0.051 | – | – | – |
| Current tobacco use | 1.81 | (1.22–2.69) | 0.003 | – | – | – |
| PAS Consumption | ||||||
| No | Ref. | – | – | – | ||
| Former consumer | 1.34 | (0.66–2.74) | 0.423 | – | – | – |
| Currently | 1.84 | (1.16–2.93) | 0.010 | – | – | – |
| Haemoptysis | ||||||
| No | Ref. | – | – | – | ||
| Yes | 0.73 | (0.50–1.06) | 0.103 | – | – | – |
| AFB | ||||||
| Positive | Ref. | |||||
| Negative | 0.57 | (0.40–0.81) | 0.002 | 0.64 | (0.45–0.92) | 0.015 |
| Close contact with TB patient | ||||||
| No | Ref. | – | – | – | ||
| Yes | 1.61 | (1.13–2.28) | 0.008 | – | – | – |
| Medical consultations before Dx | ||||||
| ≤ 2 | Ref. | |||||
| > 2 | 0.25 | (0.18–0.36) | 0.000 | 0.33 | (0.22–0.49) | 0.000 |
| AFB as HCP conduct | ||||||
| No | Ref. | |||||
| Yes | 1.87 | (1.38–2.53) | 0.000 | 1.46 | (1.05–2.02) | 0.025 |
| Chest X-ray as HCP conduct | ||||||
| No | Ref. | – | – | – | ||
| Yes | 1.48 | (1.09–2.00) | 0.011 | – | – | – |
| Hx HCP conduct | ||||||
| No | Ref. | |||||
| Yes | 3.76 | (2.43–5.84) | 0.000 | 2.44 | (1.53–3.89) | 0.000 |
| Antibiotics as HCP conduct | ||||||
| No | Ref. | – | – | – | ||
| Yes | 0.81 | (0.54–1.21) | 0.301 | – | – | – |
| Antitussives as HCP conduct | ||||||
| No | Ref. | – | – | – | ||
| Yes | 0.57 | (0.41–0.81) | 0.001 | – | – | – |
HRc crude hazard ratio; 95%CI confidence interval at 95%; HRa adjusted hazard ratio; PAS psychoactive substances; AFB acid-fast bacilli; Dx diagnosis; HCP health care provider; Hx hospitalization
a The end point for health system delay was the start of treatment
b Estimations adjusted for age, gender, AFB smear, medical consultations before Dx, AFB smear as HCP conduct and Hx as HCP conduct
c Institutionalized in municipal shelter