Fig. 2.

Pirfenidone (PFD) played an anti-pulmonary fibrosis role by regulating Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways. In this figure, mice (n = 30) were randomly divided into equal 5 groups: control, model (Bleomycin (BLM)), PFD, PFD + negative control (NC), and PFD + β-catenin. The mRNA and protein levels of collagen (Col)-III, α-SMA and fibronectin in lung tissues were determined by (a, b) Western blot (WB) and (c) quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays. The protein levels of factors associated with (d-f) Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin (p-GSK-3β S9, β-catenin) and (g-j) TGF-β1/Smad2/3 (TGF-β1, TGF-βRΙ, TGF-βRΙΙ, p-Smad2/3) signaling pathways were measured by WB assay. ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001, vs. control; ^&&&P < 0.001, vs. model; ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001, vs. PFD + NC. N = 3