Table 4.
Logistic regression analyses of predictors of poor prenatal service utilization
| Characteristics | Prenatal service utilization | Crude odds ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | p-value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poor (< 4 visits) | Good (≥ 4 visits) | |||||
| n (%) | n (%) | |||||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| < 30 | 78 (11.8) | 583 (88.2) | 1.00 | |||
| ≥ 30 | 81 (9.5) | 773 (90.5) | 1.27 (0.92 - 1.77) | 0.145 | ||
| Parity | ||||||
| Nulliparous | 63 (10.4) | 543 (89.6) | 1.00 | |||
| Multiparous | 96 (10.6) | 813 (89.4) | 0.98 (0.70 – 1.38) | 0.918 | ||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single | 3 (30) | 7 (70) | 1.00 | |||
| Married | 156 (10.4) | 1349 (89.6) | 3.71 (0.95 – 14.48) | 0.060 | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Yoruba | 148 (10.6) | 1242 (89.4) | 0.88 (0.31 – 2.51) | 0.816 | ||
| Igbo | 7 (8.9) | 72 (91.1) | 1.08 (0.30 – 3.93) | 0.904 | ||
| Hausa | 0 (0) | 4 (100) | 1.70E8 (0.00 - ∞) | 0.999 | ||
| Others | 4 (9.5) | 38 (90.5) | 1.00 | |||
| Maternal education | ||||||
| No formal | 1 (14.3) | 6 (85.7) | 1.00 | |||
| Primary | 2 (6.1) | 31 (93.9) | 2.58 (0.20 – 33.24) | 0.467 | ||
| Secondary | 38 (13.9) | 235 (86.1) | 1.03 (0.12-8.80) | 0.978 | ||
| Tertiary | 118 (9.8) | 1084 (90.2) | 1.53 (0.18 – 12.83) | 0.694 | ||
| Employment (wife) | ||||||
| Unemployed | 37 (13.1) | 246 (86.9) | 1.00 | |||
| Employed | 122 (9.9) | 1110 (90.1) | 1.37 (0.92 – 2.03) | 0.118 | ||
| Employment (husband) | ||||||
| Unemployed | 14 (21.9) | 50 (78.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Employed | 145 (10) | 1306 (90) | 2.52 (1.36 – 4.67) | 0.003* | 2.33 (1.24 – 4.38) | 0.009* |
| Previous stillbirth | ||||||
| Yes | 9 (12.3) | 64 (87.7) | 1.00 | |||
| No | 150 (10.4) | 1292 (89.6) | 1.21 (0.59 – 2.48) | 0.601 | ||
| Labour induction | ||||||
| No | 146 (13.1) | 969 (86.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 13 (3.2) | 387 (96.8) | 4.49 (2.51 – 8.01) | <0.001* | 4.27 (2.38 – 7.64) | <0.001* |
| Gestational age at birth | ||||||
| < 37 weeks | 35 (13.7) | 220 (86.3) | 1.00 | |||
| ≥ 37 weeks | 124 (9.8) | 1136 (90.2) | 1.46 (0.98 – 2.18) | 0.066 | ||
| Mode of delivery | ||||||
| Vaginal | 104 (10.3) | 908 (89.7) | 1.00 | |||
| Caesarean | 55 (10.9) | 448 (89.1) | 0.93 (0.66 – 1.32) | 0.694 | ||
| Fetal sex | ||||||
| Male | 84 (10.4) | 720 (89.6) | 1.00 | |||
| Female | 75 (10.5) | 636 (89.5) | 0.99 (0.71 – 1.38) | 0.949 | ||
| 5-minute APGAR | ||||||
| < 7 | 15 (17.9) | 69 (82.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| ≥ 7 | 144 (10.1) | 1287 (89.9) | 1.94 (1.08 – 3.49) | 0.026* | 1.57 (0.86 – 2.89) | 0.143 |
| Birth weight (grammes) | ||||||
| < 2,500 | 24 (18) | 109 (82) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| ≥ 2,500 | 135 (9.8) | 1247 (90.2) | 2.03 (1.26 – 3.28) | 0.003* | 1.66 (1.01 – 2.73) | 0.045* |
| Stillbirth | ||||||
| No | 152 (10.3) | 1325 (89.7) | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 7 (18.4) | 31 (81.6) | 0.51 (0.22 – 1.17) | 0.113 | ||
| 1NICU admission | ||||||
| No | 142 (10.5) | 1211 (89.5) | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 17 (10.5) | 145 (89.5) | 1.00 (0.59 – 1.70) | 1.000 | ||
1
NICU = Neonatal Intensive Care Unit;
*
significant at p < 0.05
Predictors and pregnancy outcomes of good and poor utilizers were determined in this table.