Table 1.

Characteristics of the 315 adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) studied, comparing those with and without 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS)

Variables	22q11.2DS (n=86)	No 22q11.2DS* (n=229)	p Value
Female sex (%)	39 (45.4%)	108 (47.2%)	.8009*
Mean age in years at time of thoracic radiograph (SD)	22.7 (5.0)	26.9 (6.4)	<.0001
CHD severity class†
Mild-moderate	56 (65.1%)	139 (60.7%)	0.5163*
Severe	30 (34.9%)	90 (39.3%)
Cardiac surgery before age 12 years‡
Sternotomy only	55 (64.0%)	124 (54.2%)	0.1270
Thoracotomy (with/without sternotomy)	15 (17.4%)	83 (36.2%)	.0016
No cardiac surgery or uncertain cardiac surgical approach	16 (18.6%)	22 (9.6%)	.0339

Significant findings are indicated in bold font.

^*By design, the no 22q11.2DS group was matched a priori to the 22q11.2DS group by sex and CHD severity class.

^†CHD severity class was determined following the 2018 guidelines from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology [22]; mild and moderate severity classes were combined given small numbers for the mild subgroup.

^‡The surgical approach was determined based on the medical records. The patients could either fall in the sternotomy only group (first category), the lateral thoracotomy group with or without a sternotomy (second category) or in the group in which it was uncertain whether the patients had surgery paediatric cardiac and/or it was uncertain what kind of surgical approach was used (third category).