Table 1.

Essential oils and compounds with ECS activity.

Essential oil	ECS activity
Copaiba, guava leaf, black pepper, hemp, melissa, clove, ylang ylang∗	CB2R agonist
Lavender	Inhibits FAAH and MAGL enzymes
Cedarwood	Activates central CB1R and CB2R
Mastic	Increases cannabinoid congeners palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA)
Chir pine	CB2R agonist
Wormwood	Weakly affects ECS at higher concentrations

^∗Essential oils that contain moderate to high levels of the active compound beta-caryophyllene.