Table 1.

Summay of studies that have investigated treatment of TRAPS with biological therapies: TNF inibitors, IL-1 inhibitors and Il-6 inhibitors.

Biological Medication Used	Type of Study	Dose of Medication	Follow-up Period	Number of Patients	Adverse Events	Ref.
Etanercept	Case report	0.4 mg/kg 2× week	12 months	1	minor injection site reactions	[73]
	Open label study	NA	24 weeks	7	NA	[74]
	Open label study	25 mg 2× week	18 months	3	NA	[77]
	Open label study	25 mg 2× week	24 weeks	7	minor injection site reactions, upper respiratory tract infections	[76]
	Open label study	25 mg (adult dose) or 0.4 mg/kg (pediatric dose) 2× week	6 months	9	NA	[57]
	Open-label dose escalation study	25 mg 2× week for 14 weeks, then 25 mg 3× week for 14 weeks	10 years	15	Injection site reactions	[75]
Anakinra	Case report	100 mg daily	3 months	1	Injection site reactions	[88]
	Open-label dose	100 mg daily	On demand	2	Injection site reactions	[92]
	Open-label dose	100 mg daily	12–46 months	7	Injection site reactions, respiratory and urinary infections	[91]
	Open-label dose	1.5 mg/kg daily	15 days	4	Injection site reactions	[95]
Canakinumab	Case report	150 mg every 8 weeks	18 months	1	NA	[93]
	Case report	150 mg every 4 weeks	47 months	1	NA	[94]
	Case report	4 mg/kg mg every 8 weeks	36 months	1	NA	[86]
	Phase II, open-label study 2b	150 mg every 4 weeks (2 mg/kg pediatric patients)	33 months	20	Nasopharingitis, abdominal pain, headache	[95]
	Phase III, randomized Double-blind, placebo-controlled study	150 mg every 4 weeks (2 mg/kg if weight less 40 kg)	4 months	22	Nasopharingitis, injection site reactions, upper respiratory tract infection	[96]
	Phase III, Randomized, withdrawal period study	150 mg every 8 weeks (2 mg/kg if weight less 40 kg)	6 months	4	Nasopharingitis, injection site reactions, upper respiratory tract infection	[96]
Tocilizumab	Case report	8 mg/kg every 4 weeks	6 months	1	NA	[83]
	Case report	8 mg/kg every 2 weeks then PRN	>6 months	1	NA	[84]
	Case report	8 mg/kg every 4 weeks	6 months	1	Trombocytopenia	[85]
	Case report	8 mg/kg every 4 weeks	42 months	1	NA	[86]

NA, non applicable.