Table 2.
The Differences in Successful Aging According to the Individual, Family, and Community System-related Variables. N = 10,074.
| Level | Variables | Categories | Successful Aging (n = 1343) |
Usual Aging (n = 8731) |
X2 (p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) or Mean ± SD | n (%) or Mean ± SD | ||||
| Individual | Age (year) | 65–74 | 1086 (18.6) | 4764 (81.4) | 330.64 *** |
| ≥75 | 257 (6.1) | 3967 (93.9) | |||
| Sex | Male | 761 (17.8) | 3524 (82.2) | 127.05 *** | |
| Female | 581 (10.0) | 5206 (90.0) | |||
| Educational level | No education | 105 (4.4) | 2288 (95.6) | 372.09 *** | |
| Elementary school | 372 (10.8) | 3080 (89.2) | |||
| ≥Middle school | 866 (20.5) | 3363 (79.5) | |||
| Economic Status | 1st quintile | 39 (4.1) | 906 (95.9) | 271.99 *** | |
| 2nd quintile | 129 (6.6) | 1822 (93.4) | |||
| 3rd quintile | 275 (11.9) | 2032 (88.1) | |||
| 4th quintile | 410 (16.8) | 2027 (83.2) | |||
| 5th quintile | 489 (20.1) | 1943 (79.9) | |||
| Heavy drinking | Yes | 842 (11.1) | 6775 (88.9) | 140.35 *** | |
| No | 501 (20.4) | 1955 (79.6) | |||
| Smoking | Yes | 173 (16.8) | 856 (83.2) | 12.02 ** | |
| No | 1170 (12.9) | 7875 (87.1) | |||
| Exercise | Yes | 1028 (15.0) | 5826 (85.0) | 51.59 *** | |
| No | 315 (9.8) | 2905 (90.2) | |||
| Subjective health status | Good | 955 (25.6) | 2770 (74.4) | 850.19 *** | |
| Fair | 257 (10.9) | 2092 (89.1) | |||
| Poor | 131 (3.3) | 3870 (96.7) | |||
| Health screening | Yes | 1209 (14.5) | 7146 (85.5) | 54.87 *** | |
| No | 134 (7.8) | 1584 (92.2) | |||
| Family | Living arrangement | Living alone | 189 (7.8) | 2227 (92.2) | 104.47 *** |
| Living with spouse | 805 (16.4) | 4103 (83.6) | |||
| Living with children | 349 (12.7) | 2401 (87.3) | |||
| Satisfaction with spouse + (n = 6404) |
Satisfaction | 863 (18.8) | 3734 (81.2) | 49.63 *** | |
| Usual | 150 (10.8) | 1237 (89.2) | |||
| Dissatisfaction | 62 (14.8) | 358 (85.2) | |||
| Satisfaction with children+ (n = 9839) |
Satisfaction | 1134 (15.0) | 6414 (85.0) | 64.46 *** | |
| Usual | 149 (9.1) | 1485 (90.9) | |||
| Dissatisfaction | 47 (7.2) | 610 (92.8) | |||
| Contact with family/siblings/relatives (time/month) | <1 | 527 (10.2) | 4639 (89.8) | 94.78 *** | |
| 1–4 | 474 (15.8) | 2531 (84.2) | |||
| ≥5 | 342 (18.0) | 1561 (82.0) | |||
| Number of close relatives | 1.15 ± 1.48 | 0.79 ± 1.18 | −8.70 *** | ||
| Community | Contact with friends/neighbors (time/month) |
<1 | 13 (2.0) | 624(98.0) | 105.34 *** |
| 1–4 | 36 (6.4) | 525 (93.6) | |||
| ≥5 | 1293 (14.6) | 7581 (85.4) | |||
| Number of close friends/neighbors | 2.14 ± 2.23 | 1.33 ± 1.85 | −12.64 *** | ||
| Accessibility to neighborhood facilities | 12.60±3.05 | 12.86 ± 2.88 | 2.93 ** |
** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. + missing data.