Table 5.

Measurement invariance across gender, grade of instruction and position.

	Configural Model a	Loadings Constrained as Equal a	Loadings and Thresholds Constrained as Equal a	Loadings, Thresholds, and Covariance Constructs Constrained as Equal a
Gender
Χ2(df) or ΔΧ2(Δdf)	660.730 (82)	80.935 (8)	0 (8)	67.203 (3)
CFI or ΔCFI	0.959	−0.005	0.001	−0.004
RMSEA or ΔRMSEA	0.096	0.001	−0.004	0.003
SRMR or ΔSRMR	0.073	0.008	0	0.009
Grade of instruction b
Χ2(df) or ΔΧ2(Δdf)	658.335 (82)	68.452 (8)	0 (8)	82.648 (3)
CFI or ΔCFI	0.957	−0.004	0.001	−0.006
RMSEA or ΔRMSEA	0.097	0.0003	−0.005	0.004
SRMR or ΔSRMR	0.075	0.010	0	0.139
Position
Χ2(df) or ΔΧ2(Δdf)	683.774 (82)	27.108 (8)	0 (8)	0.953 (3)
CFI or ΔCFI	0.957	0	0	0
RMSEA or ΔRMSEA	0.097	−0.002	−0.005	−0.002
SRMR or ΔSRMR	0.069	0.017	0	0.004

Note: ^a Configural models were reported using χ² (df), CFI, RMSEA, and SRMR; other models were reported using Δχ² (Δdf), ΔCFI, ΔRMSEA, and ΔSRMR; ^b For convenience of comparison, junior and senior high school teachers were combined into one group (i.e., secondary school teachers) and then compared in terms of measurement invariance with primary teachers.