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. 2020 Apr 30;21(9):3183. doi: 10.3390/ijms21093183

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Diagram illustrating potential mechanism of gene regulation by polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Source: own elaboration. PUFA act as ligands for peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors (PPAR). Activation of PPAR alpha (PPARA) by PUFA promotes the transcription of enzymes involved fatty acid oxidation and fatty acid transport. Activation of PPARG is likely to increase glucose metabolism for generation of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) for esterification of long chain PUFA for triacylglyceride (TG) synthesis. PUFA inhibit the proteolytic processing and transcription of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1. Abbreviations: ACACA = acetyl-CoA carboxylase; ACOX1 = acyl-CoA oxidase; CD36 = fatty acid translocase; CPT1A = carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A; FABP4 = fatty acid-binding protein 4; FADS1 = fatty acid desaturase 1; FADS2 = fatty acid desaturase 2; FASN = fatty acid synthase; FATP1 = fatty acid transport protein; FFAR = free fatty acid receptor; GK = glucokinase; L-PBE = peroxisomal enoyl-CoA hydratase; LPL = lipoprotein lipase; PDK4 = pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4; PEPCK = phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; PFKFB3 = 6-phosphofurcto-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3; PPRE = peroxisome proliferator response element; RXRA = retinoid X receptor alpha; SCD = stearoyl-CoA desaturase; SRE = sterol regulatory element; VLDL= very low density lipoprotein.