Table 1.

Causal model for the potential associated with between T3D and AD.

Upstream Risk Factors	Metabolic Precursors	Pathways		Subclinical Pathology	Disease Outcome
Social factors: stress, low socioeconomic status, certain ethnic and racial groups	Obesity Visceral Adiposity	Vascular Processes Blood pressure and hypertension Hyperlipidemia Apolipoprotein E	Cerebral blood flow Atherosclerosis	Amyloid precursor proteins	Alzheimer’s disease
Poor diet: high in calories, fat and sugar, low in fiver		Inflammatory/Oxidative processes Inflammation Oxidative stress Endothelial function		Neurofibrillary Tangles Amyloid B deposits
Physical inactivity Genetics and family history	Hyperglycemia Hyperinsulinemia	Metabolic processes Insulin resistance Insulin-degrading enzyme Peroxisome proliferative-activated receptors
Early childhood exposures in utero and birth weight	Brain and hippocampal atrophy White matter hyperintensities