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. 2020 May 1;21(9):3212. doi: 10.3390/ijms21093212

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Butyrate paradox. (a) Effect of different levels of butyrate in Azoxymethane/Dextran sodium sulphate (AOM/DSS) treated mouse model. DSS is a colon epithelium disrupting agent that can induce colitis and AOM is a genotoxin. Combined AOM and DSS treatment in mice creates a model similar to that of human CRC to study the effects of inflammation and underlying genetic mutations in colon epithelium cells on microbiota dysbiosis and tumourigenesis [127]; (b) effect of moderate levels of butyrate on adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)/ MutS protein homolog 2 (Msh2) mouse model.