Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the included infants.
| Variables | Categories | Total (n = 134) | Delays in Receptive Vocabulary Skills (n = 97) | Delays in Expressive Vocabulary Skills (n = 114) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | X2 (p) | n | % | X2 (p) | ||
| Sex | Male | 69 | 51.5 | 50 | 51.5 | 0.0004 (0.984) | 62 | 54.3 | 2.58 (0.108) |
| Female | 65 | 48.5 | 47 | 48.5 | 52 | 45.6 | |||
| Age (months) | 8–10 | 18 | 13.4 | 14 | 14.4 | 3.66 (0.16) | 10 | 8.8 | 12.97 (0.002) |
| 11–13 | 77 | 57.5 | 51 | 52.6 | 67 | 58.8 | |||
| 14–16 | 39 | 29.1 | 32 | 33.0 | s | 32.5 | |||
| Type of clefts | BCLP | 13 | 9.7 | 9 | 9.3 | 0.41 (0.814) | 10 | 8.8 | 0.88 (0.642) |
| HSCP/SCP * | 87 | 64.9 | 62 | 63.9 | 74 | 64.9 | |||
| UCLP | 34 | 25.4 | 26 | 26.8 | 30 | 26.3 | |||
| Province of residence | Shaanxi | 93 | 69.4 | 65 | 67.0 | 0.97 (0.324) | 80 | 70.2 | 0.21 (0.647) |
| Others | 41 | 30.6 | 32 | 33.0 | 34 | 29.8 | |||
| Maternal education | High school and below | 75 | 56.0 | 54 | 55.7 | 0.01 (0.91) | 65 | 57.0 | 0.34 (0.561) |
| College and above | 59 | 44.0 | 43 | 44.3 | 49 | 43.0 | |||
| Paternal education | High school and below | 77 | 57.5 | 55 | 56.7 | 0.08 (0.772) | 67 | 58.8 | 0.53 (0.466) |
| College and above | 57 | 42.5 | 42 | 43.3 | 47 | 41.2 | |||
| Interaction time (hours) | ≤3 h | 85 | 63.4 | 67 | 69.1 | 4.71 (0.03) | 72 | 63.2 | 0.03 (0.874) |
| >3 h | 49 | 36.6 | 30 | 30.9 | 42 | 36.8 | |||
*: There were two infants with SCP in the sample, so HSCP and SCP were merged. BCLP = bilateral cleft lip/palate; UCLP = unilateral cleft lip/palate; HSCP = hard/soft cleft palate; SCP = soft cleft palate. Bold values: p < 0.05.