Table 1.
Sociodemographic, lifestyle and health status variables of Spanish people aged ≥ 65 years (N = 26,891) (2006–2017).
| Variables | 2006 | 2009 | 2011/2012 | 2014 | 2017 | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 5322 (%) | n = 4125 (%) | n = 5244 (%) | n = 5862 (%) | n = 6338 (%) | ||
| Gender | <0.0001 | |||||
| Male | 2230 (41.90) | 1655 (40.12) | 1971 (37.59) | 2469 (42.12) | 2701 (42.62) | |
| Female | 3092 (58.10) | 2470 (59.88) | 3273 (62.41) | 3393 (57.88) | 3637 (57.38) | |
| Age group (years) | ||||||
| 65–74 | 2855 (53.65) | 2092 (50.72) | 2433 (46.40) | 2934 (50.05) | 3181 (50.19) | |
| 75–84 | 2048 (38.48) | 1649 (39.98) | 2070 (39.47) | 2140 (36.51) | 2268 (35.78) | <0.0001 |
| ≥85 | 419 (7.87) | 384 (9.30) | 741 (14.13) | 788 (13.44) | 889 (14.03) | |
| Level of education | <0.0001 | |||||
| Without studies | 4402 (82.72) | 1768 (42.86) | 2080 (39.66) | 1900 (32.41) | 1862 (29.38) | |
| Primary | 228 (4.28) | 1505 (36.48) | 1214 (23.15) | 2542 (43.36) | 2327 (36.72) | |
| Secondary or PT | 546 (10.26) | 584 (14.16) | 1670 (31.85) | 926 (15.80) | 1546 (24.39) | |
| University | 146 (2.74) | 268 (6.50) | 280 (5.34) | 494 (8.43) | 603 (9.51) | |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single | 543 (10.20) | 343 (8.32) | 1570 (29.94) | 497 (8.48) | 505 (7.97) | |
| Married | 2802 (52.65) | 2141 (51.90) | 2688 (51.26) | 3005 (51.26) | 3320 (52.38) | <0.0001 |
| Widowed | 1851 (34.78) | 1526 (36.99) | 608 (11.59) | 2146 (36.61) | 2218 (35.00) | |
| Separated/Divorced | 126 (2.37) | 115 (2.79) | 378 (7.21) | 214 (3.65) | 295 (4.65) | |
| Nationality | <0.0001 | |||||
| Spanish | 5265 (98.93) | 4074 (98.76) | 4858 (92.64) | 5790 (98.77) | 6244 (98.52) | |
| Foreigner | 57 (1.07) | 51 (1.24) | 386 (7.36) | 72 (1.23) | 94 (1.48) | |
| Size of town of residence | <0.0001 | |||||
| <10,000 inhab | 1712 (32.17) | 1050 (25.45) | 1522 (29.02) | 1506 (25.69) | 1640 (25.88) | |
| 10,000–100,000 inhab | 1638 (30.78) | 1183 (28.68) | 1550 (29.56) | 1831 (31.24) | 2045 (32.26) | |
| >100,000 inhab | 1972 (37.05) | 1892 (45.87) | 2172 (41.42) | 2525 (43.07) | 2653 (41.86) | |
| Body Mass Index | <0.0001 | |||||
| Underweight | 56 (1.05) | 32 (0.78) | 109 (2.08) | 67 (1.14) | 71 (1.12) | |
| Normal weight | 1537 (28.88) | 1173 (28.44) | 2316 (44.16) | 1816 (30.98) | 1966 (31.02) | |
| Overweight | 2468 (46.37) | 1903 (46.13) | 1965 (37.47) | 2624 (44.76) | 2813 (44.38) | |
| Obesity | 1261 (23.69) | 1017 (24.65) | 854 (16.29) | 1355 (23.12) | 1488 (23.48) | |
| Self-perceived health | <0.0001 | |||||
| Very good | 322 (6.05) | 204 (4.95) | 1140 (21.74) | 389 (6.64) | 399 (6.30) | |
| Good | 1823 (34.25) | 1501 (36.39) | 2547 (48.57) | 2231 (38.06) | 2516 (39.70) | |
| Fair | 2207 (41.47) | 1653 (40.07) | 1075 (20.50) | 2129 (36.32) | 2356 (37.17) | |
| Poor | 750 (14.10) | 597 (14.47) | 403 (7.68) | 828 (14.12) | 836 (13.19) | |
| Very poor | 220 (4.13) | 170 (4.12) | 79 (1.51) | 285 (4.86) | 231 (3.64) | |
| Polypharmacy | <0.0001 | |||||
| Yes | 1048 (19.69) | 1061 (25.72) | 457 (8.71) | 1515 (25.84) | 1692 (26.70) | |
| No | 4274 (80.31) | 3064 (74.28) | 4787 (91.29) | 4347 (74.16) | 4646 (73.30) | |
| Number of chronic diseases | <0.0001 | |||||
| None | 1430 (26.87) | 833 (20.19) | 2774 (52.90) | 1289 (21.99) | 1274 (20.10) | |
| 1–2 | 3295 (61.91) | 2644 (64.10) | 2112 (40.27) | 3649 (62.25) | 3768 (59.45) | |
| ≥3 | 597 (11.22) | 648 (15.71) | 358 (6.83) | 924 (15.76) | 1296 (20.45) | |
| Currently smoking | <0.0001 | |||||
| Yes | 455 (8.55) | 322 (7.81) | 1349 (25.72) | 472 (8.05) | 567 (8.95) | |
| No | 4867 (91.45) | 3803 (92.19) | 3895 (74.28) | 5390 (91.95) | 5771 (91.05) | |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| Yes | 508 (9.55) | 1774 (43.01) | 846 (16.13) | 3010 (51.35) | 3259 (51.42) | <0.0001 |
| No | 4814 (90.45) | 2351 (56.99) | 4398 (83.87) | 2852 (48.65) | 3079 (48.58) | |
| Hospitalization during the past twelve months | ||||||
| Yes | 774 (14.54) | 683 (16.56) | 468 (8.92) | 841 (14.35) | 931 (14.69) | <0.0001 |
| No | 4548 (85.46) | 3442 (83.44) | 4776 (91.08) | 5021 (85.65) | 5407 (85.31) | |
| Degree of limitation due to a health problem for at least six months | ||||||
| Severely limited | 491 (9.23) | 416 (10.08) | 184 (3.51) | 728 (12.42) | 635 (10.02) | <0.0001 |
| Limited but not severely | 1696 (31.86) | 1730 (41.94) | 894 (17.05) | 2222 (37.91) | 2434 (38.40) | |
| Not at all limited | 3135 (58.91) | 1979 (47.98) | 4166 (79.44) | 2912 (49.67) | 3269 (51.58) |
PT: Professional Training; Inhab: Inhabitants.