FIG. 6.

Echocardiographic analysis and antioxidant redox measurement of TGL mice at 15 months of age. (A) Representative M-mode images show significant increase in wall thickness of caNrf2-TGL mice at 15 months of age. The size of the LV cavity is described in yellow line during diastole (solid) and systole (dashed). (B) Echocardiographic analysis showed increased EF, left ventricular mass, LVIDd, LVVd, and IVSd for impaired systolic function at 15 months of caNrf2-TGL mice. (C) Representative B-mode images for contraction in diastole and systole showed a high close proximity of the septum and posterior wall, which is comparable with 6-month-old TGH mice. The area within the posterior inner wall is captured in B-mode short axis and labeled in blue color. (D) MV motions were captured using a pulse wave color Doppler. The distance moved (mm) of the annulus toward the left atrium in seconds during early/late filling labeled is in yellow lines. (E) MV E/A and MV E values were increased, whereas the MV A was decreased, showing an increased diastolic dysfunction in TGL mice at the age of 15 months for diastolic dysfunction (n = 6/group). (F) Myocardial redox state (GSH/GSSG ratio) was determined by enzyme-kinetic assays. (G) Immunoblots using heart cytosolic extracts from NTG, TGL (15 months), and TGH mice (6–8 months) for antioxidant proteins. Each lane represents individual mouse samples. Raw images (uncut) are represented in Supplementary Fig. S7. (H) DHE fluorescence-stained images for oxidative profiling in NTG, TGL (15 months), and TGH mice (6–8 months). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Significance: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns, no significance. DHE, dihydroethidium; EF, ejection fraction; IVSd, end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness; LVVd, end-diastolic LV volume. Color images are available online.