Table 2.

Summary of lymphatic effects in mouse models of E2 and pharmacological ligands.

Mouse Models	Names	Description	Effect on Vascular Protection	Reference
Inactivation of ERα on blood and lymphatic endothelial cells (Inactivation also in hematopoietic cells)	Tie2-CRE-ERαL2L2	Expression of Cre recombinase under Tie2- promoter	Increased lymphedema Lymphatic leakage, lower VEGFR3 expression on LEC, hyperdilated lymphatic capillaries	[15,22,62,68,73]
Selective modulation of ERα (agonist AF-1)	TAM	Tamoxifen	Absence of protection against lymphedema, no effect on lymphatic capillary density, decrease of VEGFD, Lyve-1 and VEGFR3 expression on LEC, decrease of LEC sprouting and migration.	[15,22,62,68,73]