ALP	alkaline phosphatase
ATF4	activating transcription factor 4
BMP	bone morphogenetic protein
BSP	bone sialoprotein
circRNA	circular RNA
CpG	cytopsin phosphate guanine
CVD	cardiovascular disease
DNMT	DNA methyltransferase
EndoMT	endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition
GRP 78	glucose-related protein 78
HDAC	histone deacetylase
KAT	lysine acetyl-transferase
KDAC	lysine deacetylase
KO	knockout
lncRNA	long noncoding RNA
MGP	matrix Gla protein
miRNA	microRNAs
MSX	msh homeobox
ncRNA	noncoding RNA
NRF	nuclear factor-erythroid2-related factor
OPG	Osteoprotegerin
OPN	Osteopontin
Pdlim7	protein ENIGMA
Pi	inorganic phosphate
PTM	post-translational modification
RUNX2	runt-related transcription factor 2
SIK	salt-inducible kinase
SIRT	Sirtuin
SM22a	smooth muscle 22 alpha
SMC	smooth muscle cell
VC	vascular calcification
VIC	valvular interstitial cell
VPA	valproic acid
VSMC	vascular smooth muscle cells