Table 3.

QTL associated with maternal calving difficulty¹

Breed	BTA	Start	End	No. SNP	Strongest SNP	Strongest SNP position	+ Allele	+ Allele freq	P-value	SNP effect DCD	SNP effect PM	No. genes	Candidate gene(s)
AA	1	36828793	36860576	2	a.	36828793	C	0.008	2.89 × 10−7	−−	−−	1	EPHA3
	1	144496949	144546610	2	rs479310525b	144545050	T	0.029	9.61 × 10−7	−−	−	1	PDE9A †
	2	126264896	126316073	6	rs482380239b	126278844	C	0.989	4.09 × 10−7	+	−	1	FGR †
	4	10350276	10372066	3	rs523829414c	10369692	A	0.005	5.84 × 10−7	+	−	1	HEPACAM2 †
	5	105753443	105755633	2	rs209426521a	105753443	T	0.015	9.60 × 10−7	+	+	0	N/A
	6	38518710	39614235	4	rs111701266a	39097535	G	0.007	1.71 × 10−7	−−	+	7	NCAPG,LCORL
	6	91602424	91626735	7	rs210873983b	91602424	A	0.011	1.76 × 10−8	++	++	1	PARM1 †
	7	37616120	37616155	2	rs378671192a	37616155	A	0.006	1.71 × 10−7	++	−−	0	N/A
	10	72286947	72287008	3	rs381793861a	72286947	T	0.009	5.59 × 10−7	−	++	0	N/A
	12	14636353	14960925	3	rs800390196a	14750727	A	0.014	2.63 × 10−7	+	+	2	TSC22D1
	12	56675034	56682826	5	rs209495875a	56676660	A	0.044	1.04 × 10−8	+	−	0	N/A
	24	19405971	19427409	5	rs109333678a	19405971	G	0.995	8.17 × 10−8	++	−−	0	N/A
CH	2	29919882	29920135	3	rs380146645a	29919882	G	0.017	8.67 × 10−7	−−	−	0	N/A
	11	92402757	92405438	12	rs445896050a	92402757	T	0.006	2.26 × 10−9	−−	+	0	N/A
	20	44514471	44520630	6	rs379731054a	44518024	A	0.014	2.35 × 10−7	−−	−−	0	N/A
HF	26	1759408	2501334	3	rs133176675a	1765944	A	0.924	8.48 × 10−8	++	−−	0	N/A
	26	49916091	49918252	2	rs110755029a	49918252	C	0.788	1.83 × 10−7	++	+	0	GLRX3
	26	51542180	51546414	3	rs209816010b	51542180	T	0.892	6.16 × 10−7	++	+	1	STK32C †
LM	1	40539352	40546791	2	rs380343675a	40539352	C	0.032	7.11 × 10−7	−−	+	0	EPHA6

¹No. SNP is the number of SNP within the QTL with a P-value ≤ 1 × 10⁻⁶. P-value is the P-value of strongest SNP association. + Allele is the allele that had a positive SNP effect on maternal calving difficulty. SNP effect DCD is the QTL-lead SNP’s direction effect for direct calving difficulty; + represents SNP effects in the same direction, ++ represents the same direction and large SNP effect size for DCD, i.e., a SNP effect size in the top 20%, − represents opposing SNP effects and −− represents opposing SNP effect directions that have a large SNP effect size. N/A (Non-applicable) was if the SNP wasn’t present in that dataset due to allele frequency. SNP effect PM similar to DCD but represents the SNP effects for PM. No. of genes is the number of genes in the QTL. If no gene was present in the QTL the nearest functional candidate gene within 250 kb was chosen. ^aintergenic, ^bintronic, ^cdownstream gene variant, ^†gene in which the most significant SNP within the QTL was identified in.