| APE1 | apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 |
| BER | base excision repair |
| AP site | apurinic/apyrimidinic site |
| SSB | single-strand break |
| Polβ | DNA polymerase β |
| XRCC1 | X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 |
| PARP1 | poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 |
| APE1NΔ35/APE1NΔ61 | APE1 without 35/61 N-terminal amino acid residues |
| FAM | 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein |
| TMR | 5(6)-carboxytetramethylrhodamine |
| FRET | Fluorescence resonance energy transfer |
| AP-DNA/gap-DNA | DNA with a synthetic AP site/1-nucleotide gap |
| FAM-SE/TMR-SE | succinimidyl ester of 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein/5(6)-carboxytetramethylrhodamine |
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