Table 2.

The Roles of Major Noncoding RNAs in VM Formation in Glioma

No.	The Types of Noncoding RNAs	The Name of Noncoding RNAs	Function	The Target Molecules	Ref
1	lncRNA	HOXA-AS2	Promotion	Inhibit VE-cadherin expression, and inhibit the expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway	78
2	miRNA	miR-373	Inhibition	Inhibit VE-cadherin expression, and inhibit the expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway	78
3	lncRNA	LINC00339	Promotion	Increase in the expression of TWIST1. TWIST1 upregulates the promoter activities of MMP-2 and MMP-14, and increases the expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-14	89
4	miRNA	miR-539-5p	Inhibition	Increase in the expression of TWIST1. TWIST1 upregulates the promoter activities of MMP-2 and MMP-14, and increases the expression and activity	89
5	lncRNA	SNHG16	Promotion	Increase the expression of ALDH1A1	90
6	lncRNA	linc00667	Promotion	Increase the expression of ALDH1A1	90
7	miRNA	miR-212-3p	Inhibition	Inhibit the expression of ALDH1A1	90
8	miRNA	miR-429	Inhibition	Inhibit the expression of ALDH1A1	90
12	lncRNA	SNHG20	Promotion	Upgradation of FOXK1 mRNA by SMD pathway	91
9	miRNA	miR-Let-7f	Inhibition	Disturbing periostin induced migration	92
10	miRNA	miR-141	Inhibition	Controlling EphA2 expression	93
11	miRNA	miR-584-3p	Inhibition	Disturbing hypoxia-induced stress fiber formation and migration of glioma cells	94
13	miRNA	miR-9	Inhibition	Controlling STMN1 expression	95
14	miRNA	microRNA-26b	Inhibition	Controlling EphA2 expression	96

Abbreviations: lncRNA, long noncoding RNA; miRNA, microRNA; TWIST1, transcription factor twist family bHLH transcription factor 1; VE-cadherin, vascular endothelial-cadherin; HOXA-AS2, HOXA cluster antisense RNA 2; ALDH1A1, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1; SMD, Staufen1-mediated mRNA decay; EphA2, EPH receptor A2; STMN1, stathmin 1.