Table 2.
Drugs and compounds that target mitochondrial network architecture.
| Drug/ Compound |
Activity on Mitochondrial Network | Tested in DS | Tested in Aging |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Metformin (FDA approved) |
Induces OPA1 and MFN2 [24] and inhibits DRP1 [238]. | In vitro: [24]. | In vitro: [239]. Animal models: [167,168]. Human: [169,171,172,173,174,175]. |
| AICAR | Induces OPA1 and MFN1 [177]. | Not tested | In vitro: [177,178]. Animal models: [179,180]. |
|
Pioglitazone (FDA approved) |
Induces OPA1 and MFN1 and inhibits DRP1 [67]. | In vitro: [67]. | Animal models: [182,183,184,185]. |
|
Resveratrol (nutraceutic) |
Inhibits DRP1 [198,238]. Regulates DRP1, FIS1, OPA1, and MFN2 [196]. |
In vitro: [66]. | In vitro: [188,189]. Animal models: [190,191,192,193]. Human: [194,195]. |
| Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) (nutraceutic) | Regulates Drp1, Fis1, Opa1, Mfn1, and Mfn2 [202]. | In vitro: [66,130]. Human: [203]. |
In vitro: [204]. Animal models: [205]. |
|
Urolithin A (UA) (nutraceutic) |
Inhibits OPA1 and FZO1 [206]. | Not tested | Human: [209]. |
|
Rapamycin (FDA approved) |
Induces MTFP1 [87]. | In vitro: [218]. Animal models: [219,221]. |
In vitro: [215,240]. Animal models: [213,214,216,241]. |
| Mdivi-1 | Inhibits DRP1 [134,224]. | In vitro: [134]. | Not tested |
| P110 | Inhibits DRP1 [228]. | Not tested | Not tested |
| Dynasore | Inhibits DRP1 [230]. | Not tested | Not tested |
| Drpitor1 | Inhibits DRP1 GTPase activity [233]. | Not tested | Not tested |
|
Leflunomide (FDA approved) |
Induces MFN1 and MFN2 and inhibits OPA1 short isoform [234]. | Not tested | Not tested |
| Hydrazone M1 | Induces MFN2 and inhibits DRP1 [236]. | Not tested | Not tested |