Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Participants
| Overall | No Pre-Diabetes | Pre-Diabetes | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No PreHTN | PreHTN | No PreHTN | PreHTN | |||
| (n=23,622) | (n=12,272) | (n=5841) | (n=2757) | (n=2752) | ||
| Age, y | 37.2 ± 15.5 | 32.2 ± 12.6 | 39.7 ± 16.2 | 42.2 ± 15.5 | 49.4 ± 16.2 | <0.001 |
| Gender, % | <0.001 | |||||
| Male | 11,233 (47.6%) | 4562 (37.2%) | 3618 (61.9%) | 1327 (48.1%) | 1726 (62.7%) | |
| Female | 12,389 (52.4%) | 7710 (62.8%) | 2223 (38.1%) | 1430 (51.9%) | 1026 (37.3%) | |
| Ethnicity, % | <0.001 | |||||
| Non-white | 13,235 (56.0%) | 6866 (55.9%) | 3005 (51.4%) | 1745 (63.3%) | 1619 (58.8%) | |
| White | 10,387 (44.0%) | 5406 (44.1%) | 2836 (48.6%) | 1012 (36.7%) | 1133 (41.2%) | |
| Smoking, % | 8998 (38.1%) | 4104 (33.4%) | 2436 (41.7%) | 1167 (42.3%) | 1291 (46.9%) | <0.001 |
| Less than high school education, % | 4950 (21.0%) | 2205 (18.0%) | 1210 (20.7%) | 724 (26.3%) | 811 (29.5%) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.3 ± 6.04 | 26.1 ± 5.49 | 28.0 ± 6.16 | 28.7 ± 6.26 | 29.8 ± 6.58 | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 115 ± 11.0 | 108 ± 7.34 | 125 ± 6.56 | 110 ± 6.90 | 127 ± 6.46 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 67.9 ± 10.8 | 64.5 ± 9.36 | 73.4 ± 11.3 | 66.0 ± 8.91 | 73.4 ± 10.8 | <0.001 |
| TC, mg/dl | 193 ± 41.4 | 187 ± 40.5 | 197 ± 41.6 | 198 ± 41.0 | 206 ± 40.0 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dl | 53.4 ± 15.5 | 55.1 ± 15.3 | 52.9 ± 16.0 | 51.0 ± 15.0 | 49.7 ± 14.7 | <0.001 |
| Non-HDL-C, mg/dl | 140 ± 41.6 | 132 ± 39.7 | 144 ± 42.2 | 147 ± 41.6 | 157 ± 40.9 | <0.001 |
| Energy intake, kcal | 2290 ± 1080 | 2260 ± 1060 | 2380 ± 1160 | 2200 ± 1050 | 2250 ± 999 | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 98.6 ± 29.7 | 104 ± 32.2 | 95.1 ± 27.0 | 93.8 ± 25.1 | 88.2 ± 21.9 | <0.001 |
| Baseline cancer, % | 980 (4.1%) | 355 (2.9%) | 274 (4.7%) | 163 (5.9%) | 188 (6.8%) | <0.001 |
| Statin use, % | 608 (2.6%) | 139 (1.1%) | 167 (2.9%) | 134 (4.9%) | 168 (6.1%) | <0.001 |
| Antiplatelet drugs, % | 16 (0.1%) | 2 (0.0%) | 6 (0.1%) | 3 (0.1%) | 5 (0.2%) | 0.008 |
| Low HDLC, % | 6840 (29.0%) | 3319 (27.0%) | 1560 (26.7%) | 995 (36.1%) | 966 (35.1%) | <0.001 |
| All-cause mortality, % | 1039 (4.4%) | 345 (2.8%) | 336 (5.8%) | 118 (4.3%) | 240 (8.7%) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular mortality, % | 98 (0.4%) | 19 (0.2%) | 39 (0.7%) | 12 (0.4%) | 28 (1.0%) | <0.001 |
Note: Data are mean ± SD or percentage.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HTN, hypertension.