Table 3.
Linear models predicting psychosocial outcomes from stimulant misuse and covariates.
Outcomes | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drug Consequences | Positive Urgency | Negative Urgency | Depressive Symptoms | GPA | |||||||||||
Predictors | Estimates | CI | p | Estimates | CI | p | Estimates | CI | p | Estimates | CI | p | Estimates | CI | p |
Intercept | 0.38 | 0.23 – 0.52 | <0.001 | 0.26 | 0.05 – 0.47 | 0.017 | 0.38 | 0.17 – 0.60 | 0.001 | 0.03 | −0.18 – 0.24 | 0.781 | 3.22 | 3.09 – 3.36 | <0.001 |
Demographics | |||||||||||||||
Race | |||||||||||||||
Asian American | 0.02 | −0.08 – 0.12 | 0.739 | 0.32 | 0.18 – 0.46 | <0.001 | 0.04 | −0.11 – 0.18 | 0.632 | 0.14 | −0.00 – 0.28 | 0.056 | 0 | −0.07 – 0.08 | 0.939 |
African American | 0.2 | 0.11 – 0.30 | <0.001 | 0.12 | −0.01 – 0.26 | 0.076 | 0.05 | −0.09 – 0.19 | 0.484 | 0.12 | −0.01 – 0.25 | 0.078 | −0.47 | −0.54 – −0.40 | <0.001 |
Hispanic/Latino | −0.05 | −0.19 – 0.09 | 0.455 | 0.02 | −0.18 – 0.22 | 0.868 | −0.06 | −0.27 – 0.14 | 0.554 | 0.08 | −0.12 – 0.27 | 0.434 | −0.12 | −0.22 – −0.01 | 0.027 |
Male | 0.16 | 0.09 – 0.23 | <0.001 | 0.26 | 0.16 – 0.36 | <0.001 | −0.05 | −0.15 – 0.06 | 0.381 | −0.27 | −0.37 – −0.17 | <0.001 | −0.02 | −0.08 – 0.03 | 0.395 |
Year in school | −0.04 | −0.07 – −0.01 | 0.004 | −0.06 | −0.10 – −0.01 | 0.008 | −0.06 | −0.10 – −0.01 | 0.012 | 0.01 | −0.03 – 0.05 | 0.527 | 0.03 | 0.00 – 0.06 | 0.032 |
Study effects | |||||||||||||||
MFS vs. REAL-U | 0.06 | −0.01 – 0.13 | 0.101 | −0.22 | −0.32 – −0.12 | <0.001 | −0.18 | −0.28 – −0.08 | 0.001 | −0.05 | −0.15 – 0.04 | 0.287 | 0.03 | −0.02 – 0.08 | 0.276 |
Test Form B | −0.04 | −0.15 – 0.07 | 0.494 | 0.07 | −0.09 – 0.23 | 0.415 | 0.07 | −0.10 – 0.23 | 0.44 | 0.05 | −0.11 – 0.21 | 0.529 | 0.01 | −0.08 – 0.09 | 0.846 |
Comparisons to stimulant-only group | |||||||||||||||
Main effects | |||||||||||||||
Other hard drugs only | 0.01 | −0.16 – 0.19 | 0.877 | −0.11 | −0.37 – 0.15 | 0.399 | −0.12 | −0.38 – 0.14 | 0.375 | 0.08 | −0.17 – 0.33 | 0.551 | 0.08 | −0.05 – 0.21 | 0.224 |
Both stimulants and other hard drugs | 0.66 | 0.51 – 0.82 | <0.001 | 0.21 | −0.01 – 0.43 | 0.056 | 0.26 | 0.03 – 0.49 | 0.024 | 0.15 | −0.07 – 0.36 | 0.178 | −0.03 | −0.14 – 0.09 | 0.634 |
Neither stimulants nor other hard drugs | −0.59 | −0.71 – −0.47 | <0.001 | −0.27 | −0.44 – −0.09 | 0.003 | −0.22 | −0.40 – −0.05 | 0.014 | 0.04 | −0.13 – 0.20 | 0.679 | 0.07 | −0.02 – 0.16 | 0.139 |
Interactions with test form | |||||||||||||||
Other hard drugs only | 0.03 | −0.15 – 0.21 | 0.738 | −0.23 | −0.48 – 0.03 | 0.078 | −0.25 | −0.51 – 0.01 | 0.059 | −0.06 | −0.30 – 0.19 | 0.659 | −0.03 | −0.16 – 0.10 | 0.631 |
Both stimulants and other hard drugs | 0.02 | −0.13 – 0.17 | 0.787 | −0.2 | −0.42 – 0.02 | 0.072 | −0.06 | −0.28 – 0.16 | 0.602 | −0.01 | −0.23 – 0.20 | 0.918 | −0.03 | −0.14 – 0.08 | 0.612 |
Neither stimulants nor other hard drugs | 0.06 | −0.06 – 0.18 | 0.35 | −0.1 | −0.28 – 0.07 | 0.234 | −0.08 | −0.25 – 0.10 | 0.399 | 0.04 | −0.12 – 0.21 | 0.609 | 0 | −0.09 – 0.09 | 0.982 |
Observations | 1534 | 1534 | 1534 | 1534 | 1151 | ||||||||||
R2 / adjusted R2 | 0.302 / 0.296 | 0.082 / 0.074 | 0.036 / 0.028 | 0.033 / 0.025 | 0.154 / 0.144 |