Table 1.
ELGAN study birth characteristics collected in 2002–2004 and ancillary kidney study visit data collected in 2017–2019 by composite kidney outcome (microalbuminuria, elevated blood pressure, and/or abnormal kidney mass by ultrasound*).
| Characteristics |
Total (n = 42) |
Composite kidney outcome | Composite kidney outcome | P-value*** |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Absent (n = 21) |
Present (n = 21) |
|||
| Birth characteristics collected 2002–2004 | ||||
| Gestational age at birth (weeks), mean(SD) | 25.7 ± 1.1 | 25.5 ± 1.0 | 26.0 ± 1.1 | 0.13 |
| Birth weight (grams), mean(SD) | 770.0 ± 173.1 | 807.2 ± 190.3 | 732.8 ± 149.3 | 0.22 |
| Delivery resuscitation interventions, n (%) | 0.94 | |||
| Missing | 1 (2.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.8%) | |
| Positive pressure ventilation | 5 (11.9%) | 3 (14.3%) | 2 (9.5%) | |
| Intubation | 33 (78.6%) | 16 (76.2%) | 17 (81.0%) | |
| Compressions | 1 (2.4%) | 1 (4.8%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Epinephrine | 2 (4.8%) | 1 (4.8%) | 1 (4.8%) | |
| APGAR 1 min, md(IQR) | 4.5 (2.0, 7.0) | 5.00 (2.0, 6.0) | 4.0 (3.0, 7.0) | 0.45 |
| APGAR 5 min, md(IQR) | 7.0 (5.0, 8.0) | 7.0 (5.0, 8.0) | 7.00 (6.00, 8.00) | 0.56 |
| Neonatal indomethacin exposure, n (%) | 19 (45.2%) | 11 (52.4%) | 8 (38.1%) | 0.35 |
| Neonatal sepsis in 1st month, n (%) | 0.70 | |||
| Missing | 1 (2.4%) | 1 (4.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| No | 31 (73.8%) | 16 (76.2%) | 15 (71.4%) | |
| Yes | 10 (23.8%) | 4 (19.1%) | 6 (28.57%) | |
| Mechanical ventilator days, md (IQR) | 19.0 (5.0, 28.0) | 26.5 (8.0, 28.0) | 14.0 (4.0, 28.0) | 0.31 |
| Urine output (ml/kg/hr), mean(SD) δ | 1.6 ±1.1 | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 0.11 |
| Any inflammatory proteins >75th percentile, n (%)¥ | 26 (61.9%) | 12 (57.1%) | 14 (66.7%) | 0.75 |
| Duration of NICU course (weeks), mean(SD) | 12.7 ± 6.9 | 14.2 ± 8.3 | 11.1 ± 4.8 | 0.06 |
| Lowest MAP(mmHg), med (IQR) | 23.0 (19.0, 27.0) | 23.0 (21.0, 29.0) | 20.0 (17.0, 25.0) | 0.10 |
| Hypotension, n (%) | 16 (38.1%) | 5 (23.8%) | 11 (52.4%) | 0.0236 |
| Use of vasopressors in first 14 days of life, n (%) | 21 (50%) | 8 (38.1%) | 13 (61.9%) | 0.35 |
| Any patent ductus arteriosus, n (%) | 28 (66.7%) | 12 (57.1%) | 16 (76.2%) | 0.21 |
| # of Doses of methylxanthine in first 28 days, md(IQR) | 10.0 (0.0, 24.0) | 5 (0.0, 22.0) | 12.0 (2.0, 25.0) | 0.11 |
| Growth velocity (g/kg/day), mean(SD)** | 24.6 ± 8.6 | 24.7 ± 8.7 | 24.6 ± 8.7 | 0.64 |
| Gestational age at discharge, mean(SD) | 38.4 ± 6.5 | 39.7 ± 7.9 | 37.1 ± 4.3 | 0.09 |
| Ancillary 15-year old renal study visit characteristics collected 2017–2019 | ||||
| Age (years), med (IQR) | 15.0 (15.0, 15.3) | 15.0 (15.0, 15.1) | 15.1 (15.0, 15.4) | 0.47 |
| Males, n (%) | 25 (59.5%) | 10 (47.6%) | 15 (71.4%) | 0.35 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.67 | |||
| Caucasian | 22 (52.4%) | 11 (52.4%) | 11 (52.4%) | |
| African-American | 18 (42.9%) | 9 (42.9%) | 9 (42.9%) | |
| Other | 2 (4.8%) | 1 (4.8%) | 1 (4.8%) | |
| BMI >85th percentile, n (%) | 22 (52.4%) | 10 (47.6%) | 12 (57.1%) | 0.53 |
| BMI percentile, mean(SD) | 70.7 ± 30.2 | 70.2 ± 29.8 | 71.1 ± 31.0 | 0.92 |
| Elevated blood pressure (>120/80 mmHg), n (%) | 14 (33.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 14 (58.3%) | – |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), med (IQR) | 115.8 (109.0, 121.5) | 111.0 (107.0, 116.0) | 121.0 (111.0, 125.5) | 0.0021 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), med (IQR) | 70.0 (64.0, 76.0) | 69.5 (64.0, 73.0) | 71.0 (66.0, 81.0) | 0.25 |
| Renal hypoplasia*, n (%) | 6 (14.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (28.6%) | – |
| Right renal length (cm), mean(SD) | 9.4 ± 0.7 | 9.4 ± 0.9 | 9.3 ± 0.6 | 0.12 |
| Left renal length (cm), mean(SD) | 9.7 ± 0.9 | 9.8 ± 1.0 | 9.6 ± 0.8 | 0.09 |
| Microalbuminuria (>30μg/g), n (%) | 5 (11.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (23.8%) | – |
| Urine albumin/creatinine (μg/g), md(IQR) | 7.6 (5.4, 14.9) | 6.7 (4.6, 11.8) | 12.5 (5.9, 30.7) | 0.0253 |
Abnormal renal mass defined by body surface area related renal volume below mean and standard deviation.
Urine output in the first 12 h of life.
Inflammatory proteins measured at birth include CRP, IGF, EPO, VEGFR, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.
Growth Velocity = [(Discharge weight-birthweight)/birthweight]/Length of Stay (18).
lowest MAP in lowest quartile for gestational age.
P-values were calculated by Chi-square and Fisher's exact test of significance for categorical independent variables, Mannz–Whitney U-test for non-parametric interval independent variables, t-test of significance used for interval independent variables.