Table 1.
Demographics of the patients and clinical characteristics divided into schizophrenia and bipolar disorders.
| SZ N = 63 |
BD N = 51 |
Statistics | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD) | 28.9 ± 8.9 | 35.9 ± 12.2 | F = 12.5, DF = 1, P = 0.001 |
| Sex (M/F) | 37/26 | 23/28 | X2 = 2.1, DF = 1, P = 0.15 |
| Years of education (mean ± SD) | 12.2 ± 2.8 | 14.3 ± 3.6 | F = 12.6, DF = 1, P = 0.001 |
| GAF (mean ± SD) | 44.3 ± 11.1 | 49.9 ± 10.9 | F = 7.4, DF = 1, P = 0.007 |
| PANSS total score | 63.6 ± 20.1 | 45.7 ± 10.7 | F = 32.7, DF = 1, P < 0.001 |
| Childhood trauma total score (mean ± SD) | 46.6 ± 15.9 | 45.1 ± 19.9 | F = 0.28, DF = 1, P = 0.60 |
| Physical Abuse, (mean ± SD) | 7.6 ± 3.8 | 7.4 ± 4.4 | F = 0.08, DF = 1, P = 0.79 |
| Sexual Abuse (mean ± SD) | 7.3 ± 4.4 | 7.0 ± 4.8 | F = 0.15, DF = 1, P = 0.70 |
| Emotional Abuse (mean ± SD) | 11.1 ± 4.7 | 10.1 ± 5.4 | F = 1.13, DF = 1, P = 0.29 |
| Physical Neglect (mean ± SD) | 12.8 ± 5.1 | 12.6 ± 5.4 | F = 0.05, DF = 1, P = 0.83 |
| Emotional Neglect (mean ± SD) | 8.3 ± 3.1 | 7.5 ± 3.8 | F = 1.22, DF = 1, P = 0.27 |
| Memory (mean ± SD)a | −0.9 ± 1.4 | −3.1 ± 1.2 | F = 5.20, DF= 1, P = 0.02 |
| Working memory (mean ± SD)a | −0.8 ± 0.8 | −0.4 ± 0.9 | F = 11.1, DF = 1, P = 0.001 |
| Executive function (mean ± SD)a | −1.3 ± 1.1 | −0.5 ± 1.2 | F = 6.0, DF = 1, P = 0.02 |
| Verbal abilities (mean ± SD)a | −1.3 ± 1.5 | −0.6 ± 1.1 | F = 7.9, DF = 1, P = 0.006 |
| Perception and visuo-spatial abilities (mean ± SD)a | −1.1 ± 1.6 | −0.6 ± 1.4 | F = 3.3, DF = 1, P = 0.07 |
| 5β-reductase activity (mean ± SD) | 96.9 ± 58.4 | 82.4 ± 56.3 | F = 2.3, DF = 1, P = 0.13 |
| 5α-reductase activity (mean ± SD) | 112.2 ± 103.3 | 75.3 ± 58.2 | F = 6.3, DF = 1, P = 0.01 |
SZ, Schizophrenia; BD, bipolar disorder. 99.1% (n = 113) of the patients with estimated cortisol metabolism activity completed physical abuse subscale; 97.4% (n = 111) completed sexual abuse subscale; 98.2% (n = 112) completed emotional abuse subscale; 99.1% (n = 113) completed emotional neglect subscale, and 97.4% (n = 111) completed physical neglect subscale. 96.5% (n = 110) had complete data on years of education. a = z score.