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. 2020 May 12;11:850. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00850

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Cytokines and chemokines affected by SIV infection in macaques. (A) Spearman correlation between SIV viral load in blood and semen. The analysis was performed on a total of 25 different macaques [n = 6 at 10 dpi, n = 4 at 14 dpi, and n = 15 at the chronic stage (1 year post-infection)]. Three out of 15 macaques at the chronic stage were aviremic in both compartments, whereas four macaques had virus in the blood but not in the semen. (B) Mean and standard deviation (SD) of 28 cytokine and chemokine levels in the seminal plasma of 12 uninfected macaques. (C) Mean of five pro-inflammatory molecules and the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-13 in SIV− macaques (n = 12, green dots) and SIV+ macaques at the primary stage (10 or 14 dpi, n = 10, blue dots), and the chronic stage (n = 16, purple dots). (D,E) Longitudinal follow-up of seminal plasma levels of cytokines and chemokines and BVL (red) and SVL (blue) (both are represented by dotted lines) in SIV-infected macaques (n = 10 at baseline and at 14 dpi, seven at 28, 35, and 87 dpi, and six at 148 and 171 dpi). The mean and SEM are shown for each time point. (F) Mean of IP-10 concentrations in SIV− macaques (n = 19) and SIV+ macaques at 10 (n = 6), 28 (n = 6), 29 (n = 4), 35 dpi (n = 7), 160 (n = 3), and 315 (n = 5). Significant differences between groups are shown (Mann-Whitney test, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001).