Table 1.

Seminal levels of cytokines and chemokines affected by SIV infection.

Molecules	No infection (Mean (pg/ml) ± SD)	Primary infection (Mean (pg/ml) ± SD)	Chronic infection (Mean (pg/ml) ± SD)	Correlation with BVL		Correlation with SVL
				P value	r value	P value	r value
IL-1β	4 ± 4	13 ± 20	1 ± 2	0.009	0.62	0.0001	0.71
IL-4	39 ± 35	57 ± 39	7 ± 16	< 0.0001	0.73	0.0003	0.69
IL-8	2,066 ± 2,392	16,271 ± 25,874	806 ± 1,097	< 0.0001	0.71	< 0.0001	0.75
IL-13	10 ± 6	19 ± 11	5 ± 9	0.016	0.48	0.003	0.59
IL-15	255 ± 173	1,073 ± 7,467	131 ± 1,450	< 0.0001	0.75	0.006	0.55
IL-18	78 ± 76	185 ± 114	31 ± 50	< 0.0001	0.72	< 0.0001	0.82
IFNγ	14 ± 8	27 ± 14	18 ± 19	0.37	0.19	0.78	0.06
RANTES	158 ± 147	863 ± 640	164 ± 303	0.0006	0.67	0.002	0.63
TGF-β1	7,571 ± 7,924	19,544 ± 23,463	2,144 ± 4,403	0.003	0.70	0.008	0.69
TGF-β2	43,017 ± 39,647	40,763 ± 32,440	6,768 ± 8,162	0.02	0.66	0.04	0.56
TGF-β3	828 ± 813	1,352 ± 964	291 ± 154	0.005	0.71	0.03	0.58

Levels of cytokines/chemokines in the seminal plasma of uninfected macaques (n = 12) and during primary (10–14 dpi, n = 10) and chronic (> 1-year pi, n = 16) infection. The correlation with blood viral load (BVL) and seminal viral load (SVL) is shown.