Table 2:
Appetite, Gut Peptide, and Food Intake Data for the CTL vs RS2 Groups in the STARCH Trial (N=59). Data are mean ± SEM.
| CTL Week 0 |
CTL Week 12 |
RS2 Week 0 |
RS2 Week 12 |
Δ CTL vs RS2 |
p-value Δ CTL vs RS2 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Visual Analog Scaleb (AUC; score x min) | ||||||
| Feelings of hunger | 8034.2 ± 786.2 | 8568.3 ± 760.8 | 10375.0 ± 823.4 | 9870.9 ± 798.1 | 1038.2 ± 903.5 | 0.25 |
| Feelings of fullness | 9869.6 ± 742.0 | 10162.0 ± 693.7 | 8004.6 ± 777.1 | 8134.5 ± 728.0 | 162.3 ± 965.0 | 0.86 |
| Desire to eat | 8513.2 ± 767.7 | 9377.3 ± 761.4 | 11581.0 ± 804.0 | 10649.0 ± 799.1 | 1795.9 ± 1041.3 | 0.09 |
| Prospective food consumption | 9141.6 ± 751.3 | 9660.8 ± 718.4 | 11796.0 ± 786.8 | 10961.0 ± 753.9 | 1353.7 ± 973.5 | 0.17 |
| Satisfaction | 9246.2 ± 712.3 | 9620.7 ± 668.9 | 7491.1 ± 746.0 | 7886.9 ± 702.0 | −21.4 ± 976.3 | 0.98 |
| Eating Inventoryc (sub-scale) | ||||||
| Cognitive Restraint of Eating | 8.8 ± 0.7 | 10.0 ± 0.7 | 9.1 ± 0.8 | 9.8 ± 0.8 | 0.4 ± 0.9 | 0.61 |
| Disinhibition | 7.3 ± 0.7 | 7.6 ± 0.6 | 7.7 ± 0.7 | 7.4 ± 0.7 | 0.6 ± 0.5 | 0.24 |
| Hunger | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 0.6 | 6.0 ± 0.6 | 5.6 ± 0.6 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 0.25 |
| Gut Peptides | ||||||
| GLP-1 (AUC) (pmol/L x min) | 16 ± 2 | 15 ± 2 | 18 ± 3 | 18 ± 3 | −0.6 ± 0.6 | 0.61 |
| PYY (AUC) (pg/mL x min) | 487 ± 27 | 468 ± 26 | 490 ± 25 | 444 ± 31 | 28 ± 15 | 0.34 |
| Total ghrelin (AUC) (pg/mL x min) | 1946 ± 108 | 1945 ± 135 | 1879 ± 112 | 1963 ± 140 | −85 ± 76 | 0.26 |
| Active ghrelin (AUC) (pg/mL x min) | 340 ± 22 | 333 ± 20 | 308 ± 23 | 318 ± 21 | −17 ± 23 | 0.47 |
| Food Intake Test | ||||||
| Total intake (kcal) | 692.1 ± 40.7 | 740.1 ± 43.3 | 895.7 ± 42.7 | 903.1 ± 45.4 | 40.5 ± 38.8 | 0.30 |
| CHO intake (kcal) | 341.1 ± 21.9 | 360.6 ± 24.4 | 453.9 ± 23.0 | 438.1 ± 25.6 | 35.2 ± 22.0 | 0.11 |
| Protein intake (kcal) | 142.1 ± 7.7 | 151.6 ± 9.2 | 172.7 ± 8.1 | 188.0 ± 9.7 | −5.8 ± 12.3 | 0.64 |
| Fat intake (kcal) | 218.4 ± 14.8 | 238.3 ± 15.3 | 282.7 ± 15.6 | 289.2 ± 16.1 | 13.4 ± 15.0 | 0.37 |
| CHO consumed (%) | 49.3 ± 0.9 | 48.4 ± 1.2 | 50.5 ± 0.9 | 48.1 ± 1.2 | 1.4 ± 1.8 | 0.43 |
| Protein consumed (%) | 20.7 ± 0.7 | 20.8 ± 0.8 | 19.8 ± 0.7 | 21.3 ± 0.9 | −1.5 ± 1.1 | 0.19 |
| Fat consumed (%) | 31.2 ± 0.6 | 32.0 ± 0.6 | 31.0 ± 0.6 | 31.7 ± 0.7 | 0.2 ± 0.9 | 0.81 |
| Remote Food Photography Method | ||||||
| Total intake (kcal) | 1599.2 ± 87.8 | 1301.8 ± 83.1 | 1849.4 ± 95.6 | 1682.9 ± 90.5 | 130.9 ± 125.0 | 0.30 |
| CHO intake (kcal) | 785.1 ± 44.4 | 538.9 ± 42.8 | 882.4 ± 48.4 | 715.0 ± 46.6 | 78.6 ± 66.4 | 0.24 |
| Protein intake (kcal) | 276.5 ± 15.3 | 238.3 ± 13.8 | 333.0 ± 16.7 | 302.9 ± 15.0 | 8.0 ± 26.6 | 0.76 |
| Fat intake (kcal) | 537.6 ± 36.0 | 524.5 ± 34.7 | 633.8 ± 39.2 | 665 ± 37.8 | 44.2 ± 49.4 | 0.37 |
| CHO intake (%) | 49.2 ± 0.9 | 40.6 ± 1.2 | 47.8 ± 1.0 | 42.0 ± 1.4 | 2.8 ± 2.0 | 0.17 |
| Protein intake (%) | 17.6 ± 0.5 | 18.5 ± 0.5 | 18.0 ± 0.5 | 18.3 ± 0.5 | −0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.46 |
| Fat intake (%) | 33.0 ± 1.0 | 41.0 ± 1.0 | 34.0 ± 1.0 | 40.0 ± 1.0 | −2.0 ± 2.0 | 0.22 |
Abbreviations: AUC, are a under the curve; CHO, carbohydrate; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; PYY, peptide YY
a
Values are raw means ± SEMs.
b
Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to rate average subjective appetite measures over the previous week on a 0 to 100-unit scale. Higher scores indicate greater levels of the construct being measured33.