Table 1.
Cytokines serum concentration levels: comparison between healthy controls and each patients’ group at T0: median (MAD).
| Controls (N = 40) | NoAF (N = 47) | p | POAF (N = 35) | p | AF (N = 14) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | 1.0 (0.5) | 1.2 (0.3) | 0.11 | 1.3 (4.0) | 0.16 | 1.3 (4.5) | 0.33 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 8.2 (4.6) | 21.1 (11) * | 0.03 | 20.3 (23.9) ° | 0.06 | 24.5 (47.2) ° | 0.10 |
| TNFα (pg/mL) | 71.9 (50.5) | 6.9 (5.6) * | 10−8 | 7.3 (16.5) * | 10−9 | 7.4 (8.9) * | 10−5 |
| MPO (ng/mL) | 10.8 (0.5) | 459 (168) * | 10−9 | 477 (307) * | 10−9 | 432 (221) * | 10−9 |
| PTX3 (pg/mL) | 95.1 (25.5) | 5775 (4438) * | 10−9 | 3103 (18686) * | 10−9 | 3189 (9938) * | 10−9 |
| ADAM17 (pg/mL) | 14.9 (5.7) | 59.2 (25.3) * | 10−9 | 51.5 (40.1) * | 10−9 | 60 (31.6) * | 10−5 |
| sST2 (ng/mL) | 0.85 (0.31) | 22.2 (15.5) * | 10−9 | 34 (34.3) * | 10−9 | 28.6 (64.2) * | 10−9 |
| TGF-β1 (ng/mL) | 29.7 (10.1) | 29.2 (5.8) | 0.40 | 32.7 (15.4) | 0.32 | 22.7 (14.8) | 0.16 |
| IL-25 (pg/mL) | 0.96 (0.57) | 3.6 (1.1) * | 10−6 | 3.2 (1.5) * | 10−4 | 3.5 (1.7) * | 0.003 |
| IL-18 (pg/mL) | 276.3 (85.2) | 378.3 (146) * | 0.004 | 297 (349) | 0.22 | 346 (236) ° | 0.09 |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | 18.9 (6.2) | 25.5 (5.6) * | 0.01 | 24.8 (5.7) ° | 0.08 | 26.2 (7.7) ° | 0.08 |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | 36.6 (19.8) | 27.2 (10.1) | 0.49 | 23.4 (27.3) ° | 0.07 | 26.7 (21.7) | 0.30 |
| IL-13 (pg/mL) | 198 (80) | 224 (140) | 0.69 | 269 (320) | 0.18 | 388 (680) * | 0.008 |
| IL-33 (pg/mL) | 4.6 (1.1) | 10.3 (5.3) * | 10−7 | 8.5 (9) * | 10−6 | 10.7 (10.3) * | 10−4 |
| IL-37 (pg/mL) | 2751 (2247) | 467 (455) * | 10−5 | 172 (842) * | 10−9 | 318 (2075) * | 10−3 |
p is the statistical significance of the difference vs. Controls after Mann Whitney U test; significant values (p ≤ 0.05) are indicated by *, trends (0.05 < p ≤ 10) by °; MAD = Median Absolute Deviation.