Table 2.
General characteristics of NoAF, POAF and AF groups as percentage or median (MAD), with the p-value of the statistical significance vs. NoAF.
| NoAF (N = 47) | POAF (N = 35) | p | AF (N = 14) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time after Surgery (days) | 8 (1) | 9 (2) | 0.29 | 8 (1) | 0.30 |
| Extracorporeal Circulation (%) | 78.7% | 82.9% | 0.59 | 78.6% | >0.99 |
| age (yr) | 71 (6) | 71 (5) | 0.36 | 77.5 (6.5) * | 0.009 |
| Male gender (%) | 66% | 60% | 0.65 | 42.9% | 0.13 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 24.1 (2.6) | 25.8 (2.2) * | 0.02 | 26.4 (2.4) ° | 0.055 |
| Body Surface Area (m2) | 1.74 (0.15) | 1.85 (0.13) * | 0.04 | 1.87 (0.15) ° | 0.098 |
| Waist (cm) | 93 (7) | 99 (9) * | 0.048 | 100 (9.5) | 0.19 |
| Weight/Height Ratio | 55.8 (4.5) | 58.9 (4.0) ° | 0.06 | 61.2 (5.6) | 0.13 |
| Left-ventricle ejection fraction (%) | 57 (4) | 58 (3) | 0.61 | 50 (10) | 0.22 |
| History of Hypertension (%) | 70.2% | 71.4% | >0.99 | 64.3% | >0.99 |
| Diabetes Mellitus (%) | 23.4% | 20.0% | >0.99 | 21.4% | 0.72 |
| Insulin resistance (%) | 51.1% | 75.8% * | 0.04 | 50.0% | >0.99 |
| Metabolic Syndrome (%) | 44.7% | 60.0% | 0.19 | 71.4% | 0.24 |
| Observation Time (days) | 20 (4) | 21 (3) * | 0.049 | 21 (2.5) | 0.36 |
| LA size (cm2) | 21 (2) | 22 (4) | 0.42 | 31.5 (5.5) * | 10−5 |
| LA Index (cm2/m2) | 12.3 (1.8) | 11.7 (1.5) | 0.48 | 17 (3.5) * | 10−4 |
| LA Size Classification | |||||
| Normal | 38.3% | 37.1% | 0.82 | 0.0% * | 0.006 |
| Mildly dilated | 51.1% | 54.3% | 0.83 | 42.9% | 0.76 |
| Moderately dilated | 10.6% | 2.9% | 0.39 | 50.0% * | 0.002 |
| Severely dilated | 0.0% | 5.7% | 0.43 | 7.1% | >0.99 |
| Blood Analysis | |||||
| Glycaemia (mg/dL) | 94 (10) | 97 (10) | 0.49 | 100.5 (20) | 0.65 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 137 (21) | 142 (23) | 0.61 | 132 (25) | 0.38 |
| HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 30 (6) | 35 (6) * | 0.04 | 30.5 (11) | 0.98 |
| Triacylglycerol (mg/dL) | 109 (29) | 108 (23) | 0.42 | 84 (20)* | 0.001 |
| C-Reactive Protein (mg/dL) | 4.5 (2.24) | 4.03 (1.89) | 0.93 | 4.73 (2.29) | 0.95 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 239 (169) | 273 (105) | 0.92 | 115 (74) * | 0.045 |
| White Blood Cells (n*103/µL) | 8.39 (2.19) | 9.53 (1.47) | 0.44 | 7.48 (1.52) | 0.17 |
| Linfocyte (%) | 20.4 (3.2) | 18.5 (5.3) | 0.14 | 18.5 (5) | 0.24 |
| Vitamin D (ng/mL) | 11.2 (5.7) | 12.8 (4.6) | 0.25 | 12.2 (7.5) | 0.71 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.8 (1) | 10.6 (0.6) | 0.39 | 10.8 (1) | 0.51 |
| Total Protein (g/dL) | 5.7 (0.4) | 5.5 (0.4) | 0.12 | 5.9 (0.3) | 0.55 |
| Troponin I (ng/mL) | 0.07 (0.04) | 0.05 (0.04) | 0.28 | 0.11 (0.1) | 0.67 |
| Endothelin (pg/mL) | 1.98 (0.64) | 2.46 (0.92) | 0.25 | 2.52 (0.78) | 0.20 |
MAD = Median Absolute Deviation; LA = left atrium; Insulin Resistance when HOMA index >2.5 or presence of diabetes; p is the statistical significance of the difference vs. Controls after Mann Whitney U test; significant values (p ≤ 0.05) are indicated by *, trends (0.05 < p ≤ 10) by°.