Figure 1.

U. parvifolia inhibits agonist-induced human and rat platelet aggregation. Collagen-, ADP-, arachidonic acid (AA), or thrombin-stimulated washed platelets (A, B, D, E, from rats; C, from humans) pre-treated with vehicle or various U. parvifolia extract concentrations in the presence of 1-mM CaCl₂. (D) Representative SEM images (5,000×) of collagen (2.5 µg/ml)-stimulated platelets pre-treated with vehicle or various U. parvifolia extract concentrations [(a) Resting, (b) Vehicle, (c) 25 µg/ml, (d) 50 µg/ml, (e) 100 µg/ml]. (E) Rat PRP was incubated with vehicle or various concentrations of extract in the presence of 10-mM CaCl₂ for 1 min and then stimulated with ADP (25 µM) for 5 min. The graphs show mean ± SD values from at least four independent experiments. *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001 versus control.