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. 2020 May 19;11:688. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00688

TABLE 1.

Comparison of self-report IRI-PT between subgroups of five demographic categories.

Available and missing Descriptive statistics for subgroups Results of t-test/ANOVA



Demographic N Missing Replacing Subgroups (n) M SD df t/F p d2 95%CI
Sex 592 0.0% NA (1) Female (386) 12.04 3.71 590 0.21 0.836 0.02 [−0.56, 0.69]
(2) Male (206) 11.97 3.58
Ethnicity* 591 0.2% By mode (1) Chinese Han (489) 11.99 3.67 590 –0.31 0.754 –0.04 [−0.91, 0.66]
(2) Minorities (103) 12.12 3.65
Study major 592 0.0% NA (1) Medical (389) 11.57 3.66 590 –4.10 <0.001 –0.36 [−1.90, −0.67]
(2) Non-medical (203) 12.86 3.54
Hukou 587 0.8% By mode (1) Local (236) 12.24 3.72 590 1.23 0.218 0.10 [−0.22, 0.98]
(2) Outlander (356) 11.86 3.62
Study grade 592 0.0% NA (1) Freshman (192) 11.48 3.60 589 2.98 0.051 0.01 /
(2) Sophomore (218) 12.28 3.75
(3) Senior (182) 12.26 3.58

IRI, Interpersonal Reactivity Index; IRI-PT, the total score for IRI perspective-taking items. Hukou, a unique social term of China, records the administrative region of a Chinese’s original permanent address. For the Study grade, Freshman represents the newly entered and Grade 1 college students, Sophomore represents Grades 2 and 3 college students, and Senior represents Grades 4 and 5 college students. *There was one missing value in the Ethnicity; this missing value was replaced by the mode of ethnicity (i.e., Chinese Han). There were five missing values in Hukou; these missing values were replaced by the mode of Hukou (i.e., Outlander).